智能楼宇模拟量监测的无线传感器网络及拓扑控制

【作者】 张冰洁；

【导师】 周小佳；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着半导体技术、传感器技术、嵌入式技术以及通信技术的飞速发展,具有感知、计算、存储和通信能力的无线传感器网络的应用越来越广泛。传感器节点通过自组织的方式构成无线传感器网络,能够实时监测、感知和采集网络分布区域内监视对象的各种信息,并加以处理,完成对环境的数据采集和监测任务。无线传感器网络己逐渐成为工业界及学术界的一个研究热点,在军事和民用领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。为了解决传感器网络的能量高效问题,除了要设计能量高效的Mac协议、路由协议以及应用层协议之外,还要设计优化的网络拓扑控制机制。现有的大部分拓扑控制算法都是针对二维网络(即假定网络的高度可以忽略)进行的。然而,在实际应用中,有些传感器网络的高度是不可忽略的,这就形成了三维传感器网络。因此,针对三维传感器网络的拓扑控制算法的提出对传感器网络的研究有着十分重大的意义。本文首先介绍了传统无线传感器网络的发展概况、现状及应用范围,然后分析了无线传感器网络的体系结构、特点及研究传感器网络的关键因素,接着本文提出了面向智能楼宇模拟量监测的无线传感器网络系统总体设计,介绍了一种总体层次架构,接下来介绍了硬件设计和网络协议架构设计,然后本文以这一应用环境为背景对三维无线传感器网络的覆盖率,连通性,拓扑控制算法和网络的生命周期等问题做了详细的研究及仿真。仿真实验结果证明了本文的方法可以保证100%的覆盖率而且传感器节点可以准确的定位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although most wireless terrestrial networks are based on two-dimensional (2D) design, in reality, such networks operate in three dimensions (3D). Since most often the size (i.e., the length and the width) of such terrestrial networks is significantly larger than the differences in the third dimension (i.e., the height) of the nodes, the 2D assumption is somewhat justified and usually it does not lead to major inaccuracies. However, in some environments, this is not the case; the building, the underwater, atmospheric, or space communications being such apparent examples. In fact, recent interest in underwater acoustic ad hoc and sensor networks hints at the need to understand how to design networks in 3D. Unfortunately, the design of 3D networks is surprisingly more difficult than the design of 2D networks.During the research and designing of my task, I referenced a lot of literatures, studied some previous algorithms. In this paper, we put forward a wireless sensor network system to monitor the temperature of the building intellectively, introduce the hardware design, build up a stack system structure, and then we consider the coverage and connectivity issues of 3D networks, and we verify by simulation that our placement strategies indeed guarantee ubiquitous coverage. We also provide a distributed topology control algorithm that can be used by each sensor node to determine its cell ID using a constant number of local arithmetic operations provided that the sensor node knows its location. We also validate our results by simulation.We believe that our approach and our results presented in this paper could be used for extending the processes of 2D network design to 3D networks更多还原