基于DSP和FPGA的自动指纹识别系统硬件设计与实现

【作者】 符鸿亮；

【导师】 解梅；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机与信息技术的发展,生物特征识别技术受到了广泛的关注。指纹识别是生物特征识别中的一项重要内容,一直以来是国内外的研究热点。嵌入式自动指纹识别是指指纹识别技术在嵌入式系统上的应用。传统的嵌入式自动指纹识别系统多采用单片DSP或MIPS处理器来完成算法,由于DSP或MIPS处理器只能根据程序顺序执行,在指纹匹配过程中只能和整个库中的指纹进行一一匹配,因此这类系统在处理较大指纹库时下匹配时间相当长。为了克服这个缺点,本文构建了浮点DSP和FPGA协同处理构架的硬件平台,充分利用DSP在计算上的精确度和FPGA并行处理的特点,由DSP和FPGA共同处理匹配算法。本文的主要工作如下:1.设计了一个硬件系统,包括DSP处理器、FPGA、指纹传感器、人机交互接口和USB1.1接口。同时,还设计了各硬件模块的驱动程序,为应用程序提供控制接口。由于系统中DSP工作频率为300MHz,其中某些器件的工作频率达到了100MHz,因此本文还给出了一些信号完整性分析和PCB设计经验。2.编写了Verilog程序,在FPGA中实现了9路指纹的并行匹配。由于FPGA本身的局限性,实现原有匹配算法有很大困难。在简化原有匹配算法的基础上本文提出了便于FPGA实现“粗匹配”算法。此外,还设计了用于和DSP通信的接口模块设计。3.完成了系统应用程序设计。在使用uC/OS-II实时操作系统的基础上设计了各系统任务,通过调用驱动程序控制和协调各硬件模块,实现了自动指纹识别功能。为了便于存放指纹特征信息,设计了指纹库数据结构,实现了指纹库添加、删除、编辑的功能。最终,本系统实现了高效、快速的进行指纹识别,各模块工作稳定。同时,模块化的软硬件设计使本系统便于进行二次开发,快速应用于各种场合。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of electronic computer and information technology, the biometric identification technology has drawn more attentions. Fingerprint identification technology as a part of biometric technology is developing very fast and used in many fields.Embedded fingerprint identification system is the one of the fingerprint identification applications. In tranditional embedded fingerprint identification systems, a single DSP or MIPS processor is mostly used to do the arithmetic. Because those processors work sequently, they could only match fingers one by one. When coming across a large finger lib, this processing would spend a lot of time. To solve this problem, a FPGA is added to associate DSP to do the matching arithmetic. As the FPGA can do matching processing in parallel and DSP has more accuracy, this new construction has high efficiency.The work about this thesis is gived below:We designed a hardware system including DSPs, FPGA, fingerprint sensor, human-machine interface and USB1.1 port. And we also wrote the related drivers to support applications. Because the DSP work at 300MHz, and some other chips work at 100MHz, in this thesis we discussed some signal integrity theories gived some experiences about PCB design.We made a FPGA design that 9 lines of finger match processing can be done at the same time. To avoid FPGA’s disadvantage, we simplized finger match theory. And we also designed an I/O module to communicate with DSP.We designed an application program to identify fingerprint automaticly. And we also designed a structure to manage fingerprint database.Finally, this system is reliable, and it can identify fingerprint with high efficiency. And the modularized hardware and software are fitable in many different situations.更多还原