【作者】 林金辉；

【导师】 王晓昌；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 数字流域是以数字化的地理空间数据为基础，综合运用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)、网络等技术，对全流域的地理环境、基础设施、自然资源、人文景观、生态环境、人口分布、社会和经济状态等各种信息进行数字化采集与存储、动态监测与处理、综合管理等，构建可视化的基础信息平台，为流域治理开发提供基础平台和应用工具。模型建设尤其是流域水文模型的建设是“数字流域”建设的核心内容和基础工作。当前，分布式模型被认为是流域水文科学领域研究中的热点，是研究水文自然规律和解决水文实践问题的重要工具。分布式流域水文模型是基于单元网格或者子流域的，需要许多的过程参数，要求输入数据能够充分反映流域空间的水文异质性，因此对数据获取提出了很高的要求，而这是常规方法很难满足的。地理信息系统可提供精确而有效的数据支持、提取和处理功能，并有能力处理不同源的数据如地图、航空照片，这极大地方便了分布式流域水文模型的构建。本文在现场水质调研和分析的基础上，以GIS为平台结合Arc／Info8.3及ERDAS IMAGINE 8.6进行流域的地理信息的分析，并对渭河流域的分布式水文模型进行了初步的探讨。根据美国国家地球物理数据中心USGS提供的一公里数字高程模型(DEM)数据，依据Arc／Info 8.3中的空间分析扩展功能及水文分析模块Arc Hydro，提取渭河流域的水系及其流域信息。通过对流域DEM数据的提取，分析流域各点的高程、汇流面积等，从而为流域分布式水文模型的构建提供下垫面参数。遥感作为空间数据采集手段，已成为地理信息系统的主要信息源与数据更新途径。根据Landsat卫星图片分析，主要将土地利用划分为以下7种类型：城镇、旱区、灌区、灌木、河流、森林和草地；依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO-UNESCO)提供的全球土壤类型数据库及其土壤类型分类系统，分析渭河流域主要的土壤类型；根据精度为1公里的NOAA／AVHRR数据分析归一化植被指数NDVI。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on digital geographic data, together with the integrated applying of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), internet and other technologies, digital watershed is a platform and applying tool for information collection and storage, dynamic monitoring and integrated management for the watershed physical environment, infrastructure, natural resources, cultural landscape, ecological environment, population distribution, social and economic status and others, with the help of the visual information platform construction.Model construction, especially hydrological model construction is the core and foundation of "Digital watershed". At present, the Distributed Hydrological Model (DHM) is considered to be a popular hydrological sciences research, also is an important tool for hydrological research and practical problems solving. DHM bases on the mesh or sub-basin, and needs lots of process parameters, with the requirement of input data which can reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the hydrology sufficiently; so the demand for data acquisition is higher, while the conventional method is difficult to satisfy. The GIS can provide accurate and efficient data extraction and processing functions, with the capability of handling with different data sources such as maps, aerial photographs, which greatly facilitates the DHM.According to the spot investigation and analysis of the water quality of Weihe River, this paper covers on the DHM of Weihe Basin primarily. Based on the GIS technology, watershed geographic information analysis has been done by the integration of Arc/Info 8.3 version and ERDAS IMAGINE 8.6 version. Based on the one kilometer digital elevation model (DEM) database provided by USGS (Unite States Geological Survey), the river network was draw and watershed information was picked out for Weihe Basin, with the aid of spatial analysis and hydrologic analysis model for Arc Hydro extension of Arc/Info 8.3 version. The elevation values, flow accumulation area and other topographic data have been analyzed from DEM, for the datum provision of surface parameters of watershed DHM.As a means of space data acquisition, RS has become the principal source of information and data to update for GIS. According to the analysis of landsat satellite images, the landuse of Weihe Basin mainly divided into seven types as follows: urban areas, upland, irrigated cropland, shrubland, water, forest and grassland; classifated the main types of soil based on the global database of soil types and soil types classification system provided by FAO-UNESCO; and with the 1km NOAA/AVHRR database, analysised the watershed normalized deviation of vegetation index (NDVI).更多还原