【作者】 黄建辉；

【导师】 江元汝；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题以国家级文物保护单位高昌故城土遗址为研究对象，针对干旱半干旱地区土质文物特点、风化特征、保护原则及要求出发，在对土遗址地区的环境背景、土质化学成分分析的基础上，结合有机硅和丙烯酸树脂的结构特点和独特的性能，合成多功能的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液加固材料，并尝试将其应用于土质多孔文物保护，初步探讨了加固机理。选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等单体为原料，合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂乳液。对单体配方选择、聚合体系pH值、有机硅单体用量、乳化剂的用量、引发剂用量等因素进行了实验，得到较为优化的合成条件：丙烯酸类单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸等，有机硅单体聚合为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷；乳液聚合体系pH值在6.0～7.0；聚合温度为70℃；引发剂用量为单体总量的0.6％；乳化剂用量为单体用量的6.0％。利用FTIR等方法对合成的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液加固材料进行了表征，结果表明有机硅主要以共聚形式参与聚合。参考国际通用文物保护研究方法与评估准则，比较了正硅酸乙酯、硅溶胶、有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂等加固材料作用于土遗址原状土构筑件的效果，通过对加固材料使用前后，遗址土体试样的抗压强度、抗风蚀性质、冻融性质、表面形貌、紫外老化性质、耐水崩解性质、外观颜色色差等非原位分析测试，对有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液加固材料在土质文物加固保护和表面防护中的可行性和保护效果进行了系统研究。结果表明，有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液加固材料提高了土体强度和抗风蚀能力，具有良好的耐候性，能明显降低土质文物材料的亲水性，增强抵抗水的侵蚀作用，并且不明显影响土质文物的透气性，保持了遗址的必要呼吸，可起到长效保护的作用。这种加固材料能显著提高文物自身强度，提高土质文物的抗风蚀风化能力，提高对水侵蚀的抵抗能力，且不明显改变遗址外观颜色，有效起到保护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The studied subject is ancient Gaochang City Relics, one of heritages listed in the protection coverage of the Nation Cultural Relic Bureau. First part of this paper is a detailed overview of relevant fields from characteristics of porous earth relics in arid northwest region of China, existing weathering situation, dominant influence factors, to deterioration characteristics of the cultural object, as well as evaluation methods.The problems and shortage of previous reinforce and protection materials used for porous relics were understood on the basis of completely overview to their structure characteristics and property. On the other hand, the structure feature, special characteristics and the viability assessment in cultural relics of organic silixane-modified crylic-acid resin emulsion were proposed in this paper.Organic silixane-modified crylic-acid resin emulsion suited for the conservation purpose of cultural object was obtained with four kinds of acrylic acid ester and two kinds of organic silixane served as the main monomers separately. The selection of monomers composition, pH of the emulsion system, the amount of emulsifier and initiator, the temperature of copolymerizing system was chosen to discuss preparation process of batch method in the laboratory. The optimized conditions were as followings: 1) monomers compositions was MMA, BA, MA, AA for acrylic acid ester monomers and A-151, A-174 for organic silixane monomers; 2) copolymerizing system temperature was 70°C; 3) the pH range was 6.0-7.0; 4) the amount of emulsifier was 6% of total monomers weight; 5) the amount of initiator was 0.6% of total monomers weight. The final production was analyzed by FTIR and the results showed a good copolymer.The non-insitu investigation of a lot of properties about the testing sample of both strengthened and non-strengthened from the ancient Gaochang City has been carried out subsequently, such as the compressive strength, anti-wind-erosion performance, freezing-thawing cycles test, ultraviolet aging test, surface morphology (SEM), color changes as well as resistance to desegregation of water, chemical analyze, and so on. Desirable results were achieved in terms of many aspects, such as the water and wind erosion resistant ability, strengthen. Meanwhile, after strengthened, a well ventilated function that does not affect the breath of cultural object was tested, which can help to keep the cultural object long life. To summarize, the production is good enough to bear water decay, wind erosion and UV aging for a long time, and provided an excellent effect from the study of practical applications.更多还原