【作者】 刘国华；

【导师】 王怡；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着可持续发展战略的提出，建筑节能问题日益突出，亲近亲自然、回归自然的要求使得自然通风技术再次引起人们的重视；但自然通风和渗透对建筑能耗具有重要影响：一方面由通风和渗透造成的空调能耗在建筑总能耗中的占有相当大的比例；另一方面，以自然通风为主要手段的被动式通风系统可以部分取代主动式空调，从而减少建筑能耗。目前国内还缺乏有效的用于定量分析自然通风和渗透问题的设计工具，这使得研究人员和工程人员在分析建筑能耗、动态模拟室内热环境以及设计被动式通风系统等问题上受到了极大的限制。本文首先介绍了建筑室内环境模拟过程中的数值计算的原理，系统总结了通风模拟的计算原理与方法，分析在建筑模拟中考虑通风和热模型相耦合的软件设计原理，对宏观描述和微观描述的耦合模型及计算方法及程序实现问题进行了论述。重点阐述宏观模型中的多区通风网络模型的原理，并在此基础上用MATLAB开发一个小程序，实现对某居住建筑在风压作用下的通风计算；而后利用CFD软件对这一居住建筑进行了通风模拟，并对这两种模拟的结果做了详细分析。其次，研究了区域网络模型中对建筑表面风压的简化处理方法，分析了各种计算风压系数方法的优缺点和适用范围；阐明了大开口建筑通风动力的来源及研究相应风压系数的意义。应用CFD模拟技术，提出了建筑表面开口性对风压系数的修正方法；为准确输入通风模型计算的边界条件提供了保证；对通风网络模型的重要输入参数做了改善。本文的工作为在工程应用中进一步定量研究建筑自然通风和渗透问题奠定了基础，为计算渗透负荷以及辅助设计被动式通风系统提供了理论基础与软件平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 With arising of sustainable development, the problems of building energy conservation become more and more critical and urgent. More attention is paid to natural ventilation again because of the need for contacting nature. Natural ventilation and infiltration make very important effect on building loads. On one hand, the energy loss caused by ventilation and infiltration accounts for a considerable proportion of heating and cooling loads; on the other hand, in mild condition, the passive cooling systems which use natural ventilation could take place of traditional air conditioning systems, and therefore cut down the amount of used energy. However, the lack of reliable tools to predict airflows extremely limits analyses of building energy consumption, dynamic thermal building simulation and passive cooling system design.Firstly, through literature review, the author summerized numerical principle and methods to the simulation of ventilation problems systemically in this paper. Pointed that the designed principle of the software in which the coupled calculation of airflow model and thermal building model are considered. Further,As the example of micro- model, CFD is used to simulate the indoor environment of residential building .Then, the principle of muti-zone network model in macro- methods is study. then, on the base of this method ,author composed a little MATLAB program to calculate the network model and achieved ventilated simulation of a residetial building during to wind pressure. Moreover, taken CFD as a tool , the indoor environment of a typical residential building is be simulated. And the results of macro- & micro-methods are discussed nextly.Moreover, the approach to wind pressure on building envelope in multizone airflow modeling was analyzed. Give a discussion to the source of ventilation power and pressure coefficient in large openning building, and a correction to the Cp value in the condition of the area of openings in large proportion to surfaces was proposed. The results of them can give some advisable help to the building design. In sum ,the results of this paper had established the theoretical and application bases for calculating ventilation and infiltration in engineering. It also provided a software platform for the research of natural ventilation and infiltration problems and design of passive cooling systems.更多还原