【作者】 陈晶晶；

【导师】 殷琨；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 地质工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在液动射流冲击器应用于石油钻井这一领域,仍然有许多问题需要解决。比如单次冲击功小、元件使用寿命短,为改变这一现状,有必要对现有冲击设计理念和结构设计进一步改进,需要加深对射流式冲击器内部流动的认识。本文是主要做了以下几方面的工作:一、研制与射流元件工作腔内速度场PIV测试有关的附属实验装置。在实验装置测试过程中,发现当射流元件与活塞腔体隔离达3m远时,冲击器仍然能正常地工作。因此,在以后冲击器的设计中,可以适当的加长元件输出道来增大排空道,减少冲洗液对在输出道处对元件及缸体的冲刷,进而增大冲击器寿命。二、采用先进的粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对元件内部流场进行定性和定量的分析,得到射流元件内部流场速度真实的分布情况,增进对其内部流动的了解,掌握内部流场的结构与分布,验证理论的合理性。三、基于CFD对元件在空载情况下进行模拟仿真分析,计算结果与射流元件的模型实验结果基本吻合。PIV测试结果可为数值模拟模型打下良好的基础,并提供可靠的实验数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the depth of oil and gas well increasing, the difficultyof hard rockdrillingisaddedtoo.Atpresent,thetraditionalrotarydrillingmethodswithconebitorPDCbitismoreoftenused.Whendrillingahardformation,thepenetration rate is low, the service lifetime of bit is short and the cost ishigh. According to the rock-breaking theories, the percussion-rotarydrilling technique is one of the most effective ways to drill hard rock.Hydro-efflux percussive-rotary drilling is deployed to exploratory drillingof gas-oil field, the anticipative average drilling efficiency of hard rockwouldbeadvanced30%to50%,andthecostfell15%to20%.Fluid Efflux Hammer has a good name in the field of drilling for itsparticular style and specific performance, from its burning. An experimenton one type of this drill has been done successfully under the simulateddeepholeconditionsinInstituteofClausthalUniversityinGermany.Whenthe surrounding pressure is 400 bars, it can still work normally. However,in the application process, with the changing of working condition andspecific operating requirement, its advantages was not made full use, andsome interior structure members accumulated some questions whenapplicated. Wheneffluxcompactorwasapplicatedindeepholedrilling,forexample, petroleum drilling and CCSD etc, the working life of effluxelement is very low. For expediting the steps of the theoretical research ofHydro-efflux Hammer, therefore, some aspects would be studied asfollows:1. Disengages the efflux and the piston housing, and measures thefrequency of the piston when efflux hammer being in normal operatingconditions.2. In order to improve the performance of efflux element, we must testthe internal flow of efflux element .Qualitative and quantitative analysis isused on flow field of efflux element by using the particle imaging velocimetry(PIV). So that we can understand the internal flow, holdconstruction and distributing of internal field, and confirm the correctnessofdesigntheory.3. Proceeds analogsimulation analyses, combined with experiment data,for being affluent intheoretical investigations, perfecting parameter designof efflux element. It should be used for supervising the design philosophyandtheoreticalanalysisofeffluxhammer.There is one important conclusion: SC-89 efflux hammer is still able tonormally work when the element is departed from piston housing to threemeter long. In the previous design experience, the element was connectedwith piston housing as short as possible, making the pressure signaltransfer as soon as possible. But the large output in petroleum drillingcomes into being high pressure in the working housing of efflux element.The velocity of evacuation passage is very high. It is adverse to the life ofefflux hammer. Therefore, according to this experiment, we can length theoutputpassageoftheeffluxelementinordertoaggrandizementevacuationpassage, decreasingerodibilityofflushingfluidattheevacuationpassage.Particle image velocimetry technology (PIV) is adopted to measure theflowfieldofeffluxelementforthefirsttime.Fromthisexperiment,wegetmore truly distribution of velocity in the flow field. It supplies reliableexperiment data for design and improvement of the efflux element.At last,we proceed simulation the flow field of the efflux element. The results ofnumerical simulation and PIV are analyzed and compared in this paper.The difference of two methods is relatively small.The results of PIVmeasurement are applied to pave good basement for setting model ofnumericalsimulationandofferreliabledatafornumericalsimulation.更多还原