【作者】 迟欣；

【导师】 张本延；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的意义及方法随着人们生活水平的提高,室内装修已经成为一种新的时尚,但是随之而来的室内空气污染却不容忽视。甲醛和苯系物(主要包括:苯、甲苯、二甲苯)是因装修引起的室内空气中的主要污染物,主要来源于装饰装修过程中使用的人造板材、大量涂料及其中所含有的粘合剂和稀释剂等,甲醛和苯系物已对人体健康造成了严重危害。本研究主要对新装修后的室内空气中具有代表性的甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯进行连续半年的监测,以探寻甲醛、苯系物浓度的动态变化规律,同时探索室内甲醛、苯系物单位装填量每小时挥发量的动态变化规律,为制定国家相关的标准提供部分依据,也为寻求新装修居室的适当入住时间提供有关依据。选择武汉市不同小区67户新装修居室为研究对象,交付使用后,连续半年监测室内空气中的甲醛、苯系物含量,同时对室内装饰材料的材质构成(主要包括家具和门窗、墙面、地面装饰材料的材质构成以及装修材料所使用的油漆种类、居室内墙面装饰用涂料的分类构成)、家具装填量及居民健康状况(主要包括疲劳、眼部刺激、皮肤干燥等自觉症状)等做相关调查。结果武汉市居室内装修材料和家具材质中可以挥发甲醛的人造板材占81.48%,可以产生大量挥发性有机物(VOC)的溶剂型油漆占94.64%。室内空气中甲醛浓度在第4次监测时达到峰值,其平均浓度为0.272mg/m3,超过国家卫生标准(0.1mg/m3)1.72倍,此后甲醛浓度随时间的延长而逐渐降低。半年后,仍有近30%的住户室内空气甲醛浓度超标。居室内空气中苯浓度在第1次监测时已达到峰值,第1次监测时苯浓度均值为1.070是标准(0.11 mg/m3)的10倍,其后的监测中呈迅速降低的趋势,甲苯和二甲苯浓度变化呈现出相似的规律,在第2次监测出现一个峰值后,随时间的推移浓度逐渐降低。经过半年的监测后,仅有3.1%的住户苯浓度超标,1.5%的住户甲苯和二甲苯浓度超标。与浓度变化趋势相比甲醛、苯系物单位装填量每小时挥发量变化趋势相对平缓。对入住居民的两次健康调查结果差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论易挥发出甲醛的装饰材料(人造板材)在室内装饰装修中使用量过大,造成新装修居室空气中甲醛污染严重;居室内家具和装修材料使用的溶剂型油漆用量很大,造成苯等挥发性有机物污染严重。经过7次连续半年的监测后,多数住户室内空气中甲醛和苯系物浓度可以降至室内空气质量标准以下。为了减少甲醛和苯系物对人体健康的危害,建议新装修居室经过至少半年以后方可入住。装修带来的室内空气污染不容忽视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective and MethodWith the development of the people’s living condition, indoor decoration has become new fashion. But indoor air pollution caused by indoor decoration should not be ignored. Major indoor sources of pollution were compressed wood products and paints. However, adhesives were the integral component of wood products and the thinner was often used in paints. Formaldehyde and benzene series (benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene) releasing from these materials could last many years. Formaldehyde and benzene series were regarded as adverse effect factors to human’s health. To study indoor air contamination by formaldehyde and benzene series (benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene), to explore their dynamic variation regularities in newly decorated apartments, to demonstrate the dynamic variation regularities of the pollutant concentration in milligrams per square meter hour then to provide some scientific basis for establishing national standard and choosing suitable time to live after decoration. 67 newly decorated apartments were selected. After handing over, the concentration of formaldehyde and benzene series were detected for half a year. At the same time, the construction of decorative materials, the quantity of the furniture and the health effects were investigated.Results81.48% of the wood-based board of decorative materials could volatile formaldehyde. 94.64% of the solvent paints could volatile VOC. The air formaldehyde concentration indoors reached the peak in the fourth monitoring, the average concentration was 0.272mg/m3, higher than the national standard (0.1mg/m3) for rooms by 1.72 times and then decreased apparently with the prolongation of the duration after the decoration. About 30% of apartments, formaldehyde concentration was still higher than the national standard after half a year. The concentration of benzene reached the peak during the first monitoring, the average concentration was 1.070mg/m3, higher than the national standard (0.11mg/m3) for rooms by 10 times and then decreased rapidly . The variation regularity of methylbenzene was the same with dimethylbenzene’s. The concentration reached the peak two weeks during the second monitoring and then decreased gradually with the prolongation of the duration. About 3.1% of apartments, benzene concentration was higher than the national standard after half a year, and about 1.5% of apartments, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene concentration was higher than the national standard. The trend of the pollutant concentration in milligrams per square meter hour was smoother than that of the dynamic variation regularities of the concentration. There was no difference between the two health effect investigations (P>0.05).ConclusionThe decorative materials (wood–based board ) which volatile formaldehyde were over used and as a result, formaldehyde contamination was serious in newly decorated apartments. The solvents and paints which were used in the furniture and the decorative materials result in indoor air pollution by benzene series. After 7 monitoring the concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene series could mostly decrease under the indoor air quality standards. In order to reduce the direct present threat to our health, we’d better move to a new house after half a year. The indoor air pollution caused by decoration work should not be ignored anymore.更多还原