【作者】 严育才；

【导师】 谢剑刚；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自动防斜垂直钻井系统(简称AADDS)是我国自主研制的特别针对我国地形构造特点的石油钻井工具。其主要由封装在导向活套内的可控稳定器、井下微处理器和井斜角测量传感器组成。在钻井的时候,如果井斜角测量传感器检测到的井斜角达到预设的偏差值,井下微处理器就发出指令让可控稳定器工作,可控稳定器则使安装在其内部的液压系统输出降斜力,使井眼轨道逐渐回到垂直状态而实现纠偏。本文针对可控稳定器液压系统设计过程中因没有参考资料而使用经验数据较多这一现象,对液压系统进行了仿真优化,增强了液压系统设计的理论性和合理性。液压系统中特殊双列偏心满装滚珠轴承设计变量中离散变量和连续变量共同存在的现象无疑给优化设计工作带来困难,传统优化方法不能解决此问题,笔者根据设计要求和结合客观限制,先通过编写程序使离散变量连续化,再通过调用MATLAB优化工具箱综合处理了该难题,使该轴承优化后得出了较好的参数,优化后其承载能力有了23.4%的提高。整个液压系统优化时其动态过程较为复杂、活动元件较多,一般不能用确定的数学公式建立目标函数。笔者提出把ITAE准则、遗传算法、Simulink仿真模型、MATLAB优化工具箱统一结合起来,并把ITAE准则作为遗传算法的适应函数,实现了系统响应的快速性、稳定性、准确性综合统一。通过建立系统的simulink仿真模型,得到直观的系统响应曲线图。观察系统响应并针对其不足拟订优化的期望效果,创建能最大限度靠近期望效果的具体目标函数,然后编程实现simulink仿真模型与优化程序的对接,最后通过程序调用模型仿真并对结果进行实时优化运算。这一方法不但可为许多抽象优化问题建立明确的目标函数并能轻松地实现待优化系统的不同性能分别优化,而且使用灵活方便,与现场实际结合紧密。在整个液压系统优化过程中此方法体现出传统方法所不能及的优越性。本文的优化方法较以往的方法在某些方面更加结合实际,为解决实际问题提供了新的思路。本文还取得了下述成果:(1)本文认为偏心轴承若设计成钢珠直径5.5mm、节圆直径161.5mm、钢珠个数选92个,比开始设计的钢珠直径5mm、节圆直径162mm、钢珠个数选99个的承载能力高23.4%。(2)本文认为若把偏心率设计为4.3mm会使系统在原来设计的4mm基础上使其快速性提高7.2%。(3)本文认为单向阀弹簧刚度为3.4371e+003N/m对系统的稳定性有利。(4)本文认为油泵柱塞直径若设计为23.3mm时比原设计的20mm使系统的快速性提高25.5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 AADDS is one of the drilling tools which is studied for our country’s lay land by ourselves. It is made up of a controlled stabilizer, a microprossor and a sensor. When the inclination which is measured by the sensor is too big while drilling, the microprocessor makes the controlled stabilizer work to produce a drop force which will decrease the inclination gradually. For the design of hydraulic system in the controlled stabilizer is on the help of experience, what the paper has done is to optimize it, to made the theory and rationalization of the design better.The optimizing design of full-element deep groove ball bearing is hard because there are continuous and discrete variables. Old methods can not solve the problem. The new method used in this paper is that we write program to make the discrete variables become continuous variables. And then the Matlab optimizing design tool box is used. The result is good, the carrying capacity of bearing is 23.2% higher than before.The movement of the whole hydraulic system is complicated, and it has many moving components, so it can not find a target function through a confirm math formula. In order to solve the problem, the paper put the ITAE、GA、Simulink and the Matlab optimizing design tool box band together, and use the ITAE as the adapt function of the GA. This method can contemporary satisfy the demand of rapidity、stability and veracity. It can get the clear response graph through the simulink emulational model, and can find the fall short of the response, and then the expectation response can be drawn out, the most feasible target function can be made out. And then we can write program to link the simulink emulational model and optimizing program, at last, write program to run the simulink model and optimize its response. This method not only can make target function for some abstract question , but also is used neatly and simply. And it is better for practice. It has advantages over old methods represented on the optimization of the whole hydraulic system of this paper.The optimizing methods of the paper studied are more feasible and simple for the practice. It is a new idea to solve practice questions.This paper made some conclusion as follow:(1) In this paper’s opinion, if the full-element deep groove ball bearing is designed as the center diameter of it is161.5mm、the diameter of ball bearing is 5.5mm、number of it is 92, its carrying capacity will be 23.4% higher than before.(2) In this paper’s opinion, if the offset the full-element deep groove ball bearing is 4.3mm, the rapidity will improve 7.2% than that is 4mm.(3) In this paper’s opinion, the single—directional valve spring’s stiffness if is 3.4371e+003N/m will be better for the system’s stability.(4) In this paper’s opinion, if the inner diameter of the pump is 23.3mm, the rapidity of the system will improve 25.5% than that is 20mm.更多还原