模糊自调整PID控制在锅炉汽包水位控制中的应用

【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 李贻斌；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 锅炉是化工、炼油、发电、造纸和制糖等工业生产过程中必不可少的重要动力设备。锅炉往往成了不少工厂不可缺少的一部分。因而，对锅炉设备中的自动控制系统进行分析研究是必要的。锅炉是全厂重要的动力设备，其要求是供给合格蒸汽，使锅炉蒸汽量适应负荷的需要。为此，生产过程的各个主要工艺参数必须严格控制。锅炉水位控制系统是锅炉生产控制系统中最重要的环节。锅炉是一种特种设备，是工业生产中的常用设备。对锅炉生产操作如果不合理，管理不善，处理不当，往往会引起事故。这些事故中的大部分是由于锅炉水位控制不当引起的，可见锅炉汽包水位控制在锅炉设备控制系统中的重要性。而对水位的控制不当，往往是汽包受到蒸汽负荷干扰后，产生虚假液位，使控制器反向动作。本文就是针对锅炉汽包水位的动态特性，研究模糊自调整PID控制在锅炉控制中的应用。论文第一章阐述了课题背景与意义，综述了锅炉控制的研究现状，提出了本文的主要工作。论文第二章分别介绍了传统PID控制理论、模糊控制理论的起源与发展和它的优缺点、模糊自调整的PID控制理论，其中模糊自调整模糊PID控制结合了传统PID控制和模糊控制的优点，具有很好的控制效果。论文第三章通过对锅炉汽包水位动态特性的探讨，分析了锅炉汽包水位的控制特性与锅炉的给水流量和蒸汽流量之间的关系。通过对锅炉汽包水位的研究，得出传递函数以及特性曲线。论文第四章分别采用传统的PID控制算法、模糊控制算法、模糊自调整PID控制算法分别对锅炉的汽包水位进行控制，并采用MATLAB进行仿真验证，仿真结果证明，模糊自调整的PID控制有很好的控制效果，可满足锅炉的汽包水位控制要求。论文第五章根据实际控制的需要，设计了一个以AT89C52单片机为核心的控制器。在设计的过程中，逐一对电路各部分进行了较为详尽的阐述，并根据设计的硬件电路和控制要求进行了软件设计。论文第六章在总结以前工作的基础上，对今后工作中需要进一步探索和研究的问题进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The boiler is absolutely necessary significant power plant of industry productions process such as the chemical industry, heatedible oil, generation of electrical energy, papermaking and refines sugar and so on. As a result, it is indispensable systematically to analyze research to the automatic control in the boiler installation.The boiler is the power plant that the whole factory is significant, that such is requiredis providing competent steam, causing the boiler amount delivering steam adapt to the burden necessaries. For this reason, production process every main technology parameter has to rigorously enforce the control. Segment that the boiler water level control system is the most significant in the boiler.According to the feather of the drum water level ,we research the using of the fuzzy self-adaptive PID control in the boiler.Chapter 1 is an introduction of the dissertation. The background and significance are firstly described, then currently domestic and international , research situation are summed up. .Then the dissertation puts forward its main targets.Chapter 2 is an introduction of PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy self-adaptive PID control. Self-adaptive PID control union the Merit of the PID control and fuzzy control, so it has good effct of control.Chapter 3 discuss the feather of the drum water level, and Analysis the feather of the drum water level related to water current capacity and steam current capacity . according to th analysis of the feather of the drum water level, we find transfer function and characteristic curve.Chapter 4 control the drum water level that using PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy self-adaptive PID control, and Simulate using MATLAB. The result proof that Self-adaptive PID control has good effct of control and satisfy the control requirement of the drum water level.Chapter 5 according to the need of actual control, design a controller and it is with AT89C52 centre. In the course of design, detaile expose every part of the circuit, and Carry on software design according to control circuit of the hardware and the need of control.Chapter 6 sums up the previouse work, then prospects the problem which is needed to explore and study further in future.更多还原