基于LabVIEW的雷达罩电性能测试系统的设计和实现

【作者】 杨青；

【导师】 刘立国；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 无线电物理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 雷达罩是一种保护天线免受外部环境不利影响的罩体，它是由天然或人造电介质材料制成的覆盖物。作为航空航天飞行器的雷达罩，它既是飞行器外壳的组成部分，又是影响雷达精度的重要因素。因而它不但要满足空气动力特征，承受热载荷和机械载荷，还必须符合雷达系统的电性能要求。伴随雷达罩的应用，雷达罩电性能的计算、分析、设计和检验已成为该领域的主要研究方向。瞄准误差、传输效率、方向图是衡量雷达罩电性能的三个主要指标，因此，无论是电性能分析还是测试检验都是围绕这三个指标展开的。本文首先回顾了雷达罩的发展过程，介绍其研究背景和概况，阐述了雷达罩电性能分析方法-基于几何光学的射线跟踪法和基于物理光学的表面积分法。在对天线的辐射理论与相关概念进行说明之后，讨论比较了几种瞄准误差、传输效率的测试方法，结合实际的远场测试系统，选择电子定标法和动态电轴跟踪法作为瞄准误差和传输效率测试的方法，并对系统的工作原理和仪器功能进行了说明，该系统射频仪器选用安捷伦公司的系列产品，并从美国进口转台控制，放大器等转台伺服仪器，计算机通过GPIB总线与各仪器连接，采用VISA标准与仪器进行通信，设备性能处于国内领先水平。文章后半部分详细介绍系统软件，程序流程以及编程中的关键性问题与解决方法。该系统软件采用基于LabVIEW平台的虚拟仪器技术，通过对转台控制器编程和对计数卡，DIO卡的读写操作控制雷达罩与天线的独立转动；通过软件触发方式设置射频仪器的工作时序，确保网络分析仪得到准确的射频信号；从而实现了系统自动测试与数据采集。通过拟合，插值等数值分析方法对测试数据进行分析处理，能够实时计算得到测试性能指标，并具有绘制曲线、生成报表、打印存储等功能。系统达到了较高的测试自动化水平和测量精度，测量结果能够真实反映飞行器天线在加罩情况下的工作状态，提供了雷达罩准确可靠的电性能参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 Radome is one type of dome that keeps antenna from external environment, it covered the outside of antenna and is made up of natural or artificial dielectric. As a cover of aircraft, it is not only one part of the whole shell of aircraft, but one of considerable essentials which influences the accuracy of radar as well. Therefore, its shape must meet the demand of aerodynamic theory, in order to perform well in bad conditions; furthermore, the standard that radar system performs in various frequencies must be reached. With the applications of radome, calculations, designs, analyses and tests have been mainly discussed in this field. Whether the electric performance of radar system is satisfied mainly depend on the three elements: boresight error, transmitting efficiency and antenna pattern. The analyses and tests of radome’s electric performance are unfolded around these three elements.The development of radome is reviewed at first in this paper. Its researching background and general situation are introduced. Based on the theory of GO&PO, two methods are illuminated then-Ray Tracing Method and Surface Integration Method. After stating antenna radiate theories and related concepts, taking the actual situation into account, Electric Calibration method and Dynamic Axial Tracking method are chosen as solutions to the tests of boresight error and transmitting efficiency. A far field test system is built according to these methods. Agilent’s equipments and Mi’s positioner controller are adopted. Computer communicates with equipments by GPIB and VISA standard. The software, problems and solutions in programming are related in detail.The software is developed based on LabVIEW and Virtual Instrument technology. Antenna and radome operate independently through the control of computer and a trigger mode is adopted in the case of setting the working sequence of RF handling subsystem. Equipments are worked in harmony with each other in terms of the trigger mode. The intermediate frequency signals obtained by PNA are analyzed by fitting and interpolation so that the results are figured out at last. It also has the functions of curve drawing, report creating, printing and saving. It has the features of friendly interface, convenient operating and automation in high level. The results interpret the actual situation well when antenna is working inside the radome and dependable parameters are provided by means of it.更多还原