【作者】 葛进；

【导师】 刘远；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 刑法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 罚金刑作为较之生命刑、自由刑轻缓的刑罚随着刑罚人性化的发展日益受到各国刑事立法的青睐，被称为代替短期自由刑最好的刑罚，但我国罚金刑适用状况却不尽人意，不仅处于附属刑罚的地位，而且其立法配置以及司法执行方面都存在着诸多问题。本文在第一章从正确认识罚金刑谈起，明确罚金的内容——金钱，是物化的自由，与“生命”、“自由”一样能够成为刑罚的内容，罚金刑具备刑罚痛苦性、谴责性本质，并且其执行的开放特征使刑罚更加简易、经济，罚金刑在我国刑罚体系中的地位应当提高。第二章指出，罚金刑在立法上存在与现实脱节，罚金数额巨大、适用方式以罚金与自由刑并罚为主、无限额罚金大量存在等缺陷造成罚金刑执行困难，违背了刑罚的适度痛苦性，并由此总结出我国罚金刑立法上这种状况的产生是由于我国对刑罚的正当性根据认识错误，长期以来奉行的以预防犯罪为主要目的的刑罚重刑化指导思想。刑罚正当性应当以报应主义为主兼顾功利，而不应当以预防犯罪为基础，立法完善罚金刑首先需要从根本上改变这种错误刑罚观。明晰了刑罚正当性，才能对罚金刑在立法上进行科学配置，具体针对我国罚金刑的立法现状，应在罚金数额与自由刑幅度间确立一定换算方法，避免罚金数额的无限制扩张；减少罚金并罚规定，充分发挥罚金轻刑化特点，在过失犯罪等轻罪中扩大罚金单独适用的比例；违背刑罚确定原则的无限额罚金刑应避免在立法中出现。第三章指出，仅从立法上改革罚金刑，仍不能保证罚金刑刑罚功能的实现，罚金刑的完善还需要在执行方式上进行相应变革。我国目前罚金刑的执行方式是随时追缴制，但是这种执行方式不能有效防止某些犯罪人恶意隐瞒、转移财产不缴纳罚金。因为金钱与人身分离的特殊性决定罚金刑执行方式不同于其他刑罚的特殊性，单一的方式无法实现保障罚金刑的理想执行。针对被判处罚金犯罪人的不同情形，应适用不同的执行方式，应当完善司法机关对犯罪人的财产调查制度，对恶意不缴纳罚金者，易科自由刑；对无力缴纳、缴纳困难者，采取日额罚金制；对未成年人以易科社区劳动代替缴纳罚金等。通过立法、司法的共同完善，保证罚金刑的作用得到有效发挥，真正成为我国刑罚体系关键且有力的成员。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fine penalty is light than death penalty and imprison. The theoretical research and the legislation of fine penalty should be guided by the essence of fine penalty.Suffering and condemn and punishment are essence of penalty. Because money could be content of penalty as a form of freedom and the open execution of fine penalty make penalty be efficiency, fine penalty should be broadened. From the essence of fine penalty, we are sure to regard fine penalty as the result of light penalty. Broadening the range of application of fine must be land on the firm foundation of penal theory. Retribution is the basis of penal theory.But the basis theory of fine penalty is utility in China. It’s the reason that fine penalty can’t be applied well in China. The fine penalty with Chinese characteristics in legislation is that: amount of fine is excess, our fine system concentrates on combination punishment and so on. The suggestion in legislation is that: maintain the nature of fine penalty and reduce amount of fine and making proportion scientifically between the fine and freedom and broadening independent fine.The execution of fine penalty should be improved too. For somebody who don’t contribute on purpose, we should use imprison as a substitution. For somebody who has no money to contribute, we could establish tagessatz system. For minor, we could substitute commonweal labor for fine penalty.更多还原