【作者】 国林霞；

【导师】 倪保志；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 国际政治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战后国际形势的深刻变动导致了国际政治内涵的演变，其中一个重要的表现就是软力量在国家综合国力较量中的作用越来越凸出，日益成为衡量一国国际地位和国际影响力的重要指标。近年来，随着国内经济的持续高速增长，以及综合国力的不断增强，中国国内对软力量的重视程度越来越高。中共十六大以来，中国在继续推动经济增长的同时，大力推动理论及理念创新、加速制度建构、加强文化产业化发展等，全方位为中国软力量的建设注入新的活力，取得了有目共睹的成就。但同时也应该看到，中国的软力量建设还存在诸多问题与不足，软力量建设明显滞后于硬力量的现状还没有得到改变。如何加强软力量建设，促进软力量与硬力量增长协调发展仍是当前亟需解决的问题。本文主要从三个方面展开论述，第一章是对软力量的理论分析。基于软力量日益上升的重要性，对其进行具体分析是十分必要的。本章首先对软力量的概念、内涵、构成要素与资源、与硬力量的关系以及特征与本质等基础性问题进行了分析和界定。根据软力量理论的创始人约瑟夫·奈的理解，软力量即一种通过吸引力而非威逼或利诱达到目的的能力。而对于中国软力量内涵的界定，目前在国内还没有形成共识，有待进一步的研究和探讨，本文主要是从严格意义上即精神层面上的软力量来分析和论述的。同时本章还对软力量的作用和软力量理论进行了简要的论述和评析。软力量虽然能够“不战而屈人之兵”，但是在具体的操控上却很难准确把握。由于约瑟夫·奈把综合国力划分为硬力量和软力量两个部分，而这两种力量的资源和关系又很难严格区分开来，这就导致了其软力量思想具有不可避免的局限性。第二章是对中国软力量的分析，论述了中国软力量在世界上的地位和影响力、中国拥有的软力量资源以及目前中国软力量存在的问题及原因。本文认为，中国尽管有着丰富的软力量资源，包括优秀的传统文化、独具特色的中国发展模式、良好的国家形象等，但是目前我国软力量能够发挥的作用与影响远不及美、欧等发达国家和地区。而且，文化力发展的不足、国民素质的缺憾和人才的流失、国家认同的下降等问题的存在也严重阻碍着中国软力量的建设和发展。如何把丰富的软力量资源转化为国家力量还有待我们进一步探索。第三章是对中国软力量建设的对策分析，主要从理念和策略两个层面来探讨。构建中国软力量首先要探索出一个适合中国的具有中国特色的主导理论，用理论指导实践。从理念层面来讲，建设中国软力量不应再仅仅围绕改革开放和市场经济建设进行适应性的调整，而应该加大力度进行结构变革和理念转变，构建“以人为本”的核心价值观。从实践层面来讲，就是要利用好我们现有的资源，针对存在的问题与不足，制定切实可行的方针政策，促进软力量与硬力量和谐发展。加强软力量建设，既是提升中国国际地位和国际影响力的重要保证，也是解决硬力量发展受制于市场规模、文化差异、能源供给等问题的关键。如何形成一个以硬力量和软力量增长有机结合为根本、以软力量发展为重心的国家力量建设模式，是我们当前面临的紧迫任务。更多还原

【Abstract】 The meaning of international politics has been changed result from the drastically changing of the international situations after ending of the Cold War, one of the important representation is that the effect of the soft power has became more and more standing, has been became the guideline of weighting a country’s position and influence in the world.Recently, as the high speed growth of the economy and comprehensive national strength, china has attached importance to the construction of the soft power. From the sixteenth national congress of communist party of china, china still pushing the growth of economy and the innovation of theory and ideology, completing the construction of system and so on, injecting the energy to the construction of the soft power, has achieved splendid production. But, there are also many problems in the construction of the soft power. The construction of the soft power is lagging to the construction of hard power. How to improve the construction of the soft power and make construction of soft power and hard power harmonious is an urgent problem.This paper states from three aspects, chapter one analyze the theory of the soft power. According the ascending importance of the soft power, the analysis is necessary. This chapter analyzed and definite the concept, meaning, and the relations between components and resources, with the hard power and characteristics of the soft power.According to understanding of Joseph Nye, the soft power is the ability that a way of through attraction not to threaten to achieve one’s goal. About Chinese construction of soft power, there is no definite define of the soft meaning, and also no common understanding. Although the soft power has the effect of "Does not fight accuses falsely the soldier", it is difficult to handle this problem, Nye divide the comprehensive national strength into soft power and hard power, but it is difficult to divide the two power’s resources and relations, so it is inevitable turn out to be the limitation of the theory of soft power.The Chapter two analyzed the Chinese soft power, the position and influence Chinese soft power in the world, and the resources of soft power of china possessed, also the problem of the soft power of china possessed. This paper thought that although chins having full of resources of soft power, for example the excellent traditional culture, the unique developing model, nicer international figure and so on, the effect and influence of Chinese soft power lagging the European countries and American. How to change these resources into power is waiting us to explore.The chapter three analyzed the soft power of china according to the ideology and strategy. Firstly, we should have a theory of filed of Chinese characteristics and use it to direct the practice. From the ideology, the construction of Chinese soft power, not only rearrangement according to the reform and the market economy, but also try to reform the structure and transform the ideology, building the values of people foremost society. From the practice, we should take advantage of the resources adequately, constitute the feasible policies to these problems, in order to make the hard power and soft power harmonious.Improve the construction of the soft power, not only the need of improving the Chinese position and influence in the world, but also resolve the problem that delay the development of hard power, such as the scale of market, culture shaken, energy supplying and so on. How to make the growing if the soft power and hard power integrate organically is the problem our facing.更多还原