新颖控制策略下统一电能质量控制器UPQC直接控制方法理论及实现

【作者】 何莉萍；

【导师】 王广柱；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为现代社会的主要能源，电能在各行各业中有着广泛的应用，电能质量的优劣关系到国民经济的总体效益。电能质量综合调节技术是以电力电子技术为基础，属于用户电力技术(Custom Power)的重要内容之一。统一电能质量控制器UPQC是用户电力技术发展的最新趋势之一，它集电压补偿装置、电流补偿装置和储能装置于一体，统一实现多重电能质量调节功能，具有较远的发展前景。UPQC是对配电系统电能质量问题进行全面综合治理及提高供电可靠性更加有效的途径，已成为该领域的研究热点。本文首先通过对改善供电电能质量实际出发，对统一电能质量控制器UPQC的主电路及其控制技术进行了详细的理论分析，深入研究了UPQC的理论、拓扑结构、补偿及控制问题，并对目前存在的主要控制模式和策略进行了优缺点比较和前景性分析。直接补偿模式下，畸变量检测计算的精确性和实时性直接影响着UPQC的补偿效果；而直接控制模式下，无需检测计算电压、电流畸变量，电路简单，容易实现，且补偿实时性好，是一种很有前途的控制方法。基于上述讨论，本文定位于对新颖控制策略下基本拓扑结构的单相UPQC直接控制模式理论及具体实现进行研究。本文通过对有源电力滤波器电源电流直接控制方法及其等效原理的学习，从理论上验证了UPQC新颖控制策略的合理性和可行性。第三章、第四章运用新颖控制策略下的直接控制方法对单相UPQC整体系统按其动态物理规律进行数学模型建立，采用典型二型控制系统设计方法分别对串、并联部分电压电流双闭环控制模型进行设计，包括UPQC主电路、滤波电路、指令信号产生电路、控制电路等参数的计算，并对其进行理想模型Psim仿真和实际器件ICAP／4仿真，验证所选择参数并进一步对其进行修正，以达到较为理想的补偿效果，从理论上验证了设计方法的合理性、可行性和实际可操作性。除此之外，还重点讨论了电流恒频滞环跟踪控制的原理，并对其进行了硬件调节器设计和仿真分析。基于以上研究，本文对单相UPQC装置的单元硬件线路进行合理性选择、设计及实验调试，包括功率开关器件的选择、某一功能模块的电路实现、控制模块芯片、隔离电路的选择设计以及对补偿性能起关键作用的滤波电容、电感值的设计等，并对实验结果进行了分析。最后，在单元电路调试通过的基础上，搭建了新颖控制策略下单相UPQC系统的实验电路，并对其进行调试。总之，本文深入研究了新颖控制策略下UPQC直接控制模式，并取得了丰硕的成果，对UPQC将来的研究和应用起到一定的推动和指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main energy of the modern society, electrical power is applied in all walks of life. And electrical power quality involves the total result of national economy. The unified conditioning technology of power quality, based on power electronic technology, is one of all important branches of Custom Power. UPQC (Unified Power Quality Controller) is one of the most up-to-date development trends of Custom Power, which combines the functions of voltage compensator, current compensator and energy storage device and must have a prospective future. Multiple power quality regulation functions are implemented in UPQC simultaneously. UPQC is a more effective way to regulate the power quality of distribution system systematically and improve the reliability of power supply than others. Therefore, UPQC is becoming an emphasis of related research.Based on practice of improvement of power quality, this paper first of all analyses in detail the main circuit topologies and control technologies of Unified Power Quality Controller and deals with deeply the theory, topology, compensation strategy and control strategy for loop system of UPQC. Also the comparing between the advantage and disadvantage of its main control modes and strategies existing at present and the analyzing of their future are provided. In the way of direct compensation, the precision and the real-time of calculation of the aberrance will influence the whole compensation effect of UPQC. But in the way of direct control, there are no need to detect or calculate the fluctuation and harmonic of power line voltage, and reactive power and harmonic current of loads. Because of its brief circuit, easy achievement and good real-time compensation, the direct control mode is considered to be a more promising control method. Through the exhaustive discussion above, a good control scheme is selected and this paper will focus on the theory and realization of single-phase UPQC with basic topology which uses novel control strategy and direct control mode.Studying in the power supply current-direct control method and its equivalence of active power filter, the rationalization and feasibility of UPQC’s novel control strategy is proved. In the third chapter and the fourth chapter, the unified model of the whole single-phase UPQC system is build according to its dynamic physical performance. Both the series part and shunt part of UPQC are designed as voltage-current double-closed loop control models. This paper uses the design principles of typical 2 order control system to design these two control models, involving computing the parameters of power circuit, filter circuit, reference signal producing circuit, control circuit and so on. Then all parameters are optimized using ideal Psim Simulation and real ICAP/4 Simulation to obtain better compensation results. On the foundation of simulation model, the simulation results obtained verify that the control algorithms are feasible and rational and can be applied in practice. Besides, this paper also discusses the basic elements of Hysteretic Current Control method with constant frequency, and then designs the control adjustor and Simulates the circuit.On the basis of above researches, every unit hardware structure of single-phase UPQC is designed, chosen and experimented. These unit circuits conclude the selection of power switching device, the realization of a certain functional module, the choice of control chips and isolation circuits and the computations of filter capacitors and inductances which play an important role for UPQC’s dynamic performance. Also the experimental results are provided and analyzed. Lastly a unified power quality conditioner is designed and implemented.In one word, this paper gives the reference of novel direct control strategy in UPQC, and will improve the development and application of the UPQC.更多还原