【作者】 钱艳芳；

【导师】 孙敏；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 会计学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代以来，在世界范围内网络型产业的改革风起云涌，其理论研究也迅速发展，这些改革大多都是以分拆重组为大方向。但到目前为止，网络型产业组织理论尚未建立起来，网络型改革仍然是国内外经济学界所共同面临的难题。铁路是网络型产业中具有代表性的一个产业，本文以铁路产业为主要研究对象，运用交易成本理论、现代竞争理论和归核化理论，通过对分拆动因的分析，对铁路产业发展的方向提出了一些建议。本文根据交易成本理论和资产专用性理论分析了铁路实践，指出铁路应本着尽量降低由于资产专用性被分割而增加的交易成本的原则组建规模适宜的运输企业或企业集团。但是，由于管理机构庞杂，容易产生非效率，这种非效率损失甚至会远远大于交易成本的节约。所以，我国铁路发展不应单纯的考虑交易成本的节约。本文根据现代竞争理论分析了铁路实践，指出铁路通过适当分拆和重组，可以形成某种程度的竞争性市场结构；要取得好的产业效率和市场绩效，铁路产业可以在保持最低规模经济和范围经济的基础上，在路网干线上形成寡头竞争的市场结构，在引入竞争的同时尽可能地保持整个系统的完整性，保持各部分之间和谐、紧密的协调关系也至关重要。由于我国铁路运输设施的不足、铁路企业缺少市场化运作经验等原因，我国铁路引入竞争的改革将是一个比较漫长的过程。本文根据归核化理论分析了铁路实践，指出铁路应剥离不良资产，强化主业，增强核心竞争力，开展有利和有序的多元化经营，体现归核化战略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study on the theory of network industries, along with their surging practical reforms, has been developing quickly across the world since 1970s, these reforms are mostly directed to spin-off. But so far the theory of organization on network industries has not been set up yet, and network reform is still a puzzle with which economists at home and abroad are confronted. The probe into railway industry will contribute to form the theory of network reformation finally since railway is a typical network industry. The paper considers the railway industry as the main subject, and analyses the motivations of enterprise spin-off within the framework of transaction cost economics theory, modern competition theory and refocusing theory. This dissertation gives some suggestions for the development of the railway industry.This dissertation analyses the railway practice from the angle of transaction cost economics theory and Asset Specificity theory, point out the railway should build transportation corporation or enterprise group with proper scale, conforming to the rule of trying to reduce the transaction cost caused by the division of asset specificity.This dissertation analyses the railway practice from the angle of modern competition theory, points out the railway can form the competitive market structure of certain extent through spin-off and reconstruction properly; In order to improve the industrial efficiency and market performance, the railway industry should form oligopoly competition on the railway trunk line based on keeping the lowest economics of scale and scope, try to keep the integrality of the whole system while inducting competition. It is also quite important to keep the harmonious and close relationship of all parts. However, the reform of inducing competition is a long course for Chinese railway because of the lack of Chinese railway transportation infrastructure and market operating experience.This dissertation analyses the railway practice from the angle of refocusing theory. Points out the railway should peel off bad assets, intensify the main business, strengthen the core competition, and develop diversified business orderly and properly, embodying the strategy of refocusing.更多还原