【作者】 张广林；

【导师】 倪刚；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪的中国，已经由建设全面小康社会进入到了构建和谐社会的新时期。构建和谐社会是复杂艰巨的系统工程，涉及到政治、经济和文化建设的方方面面，需要全面考虑、综合平衡，其中关注弱势群体是构建和谐社会必须面对的重大问题之一。为了增加社会公平、确保社会稳定、使社会更加健康有序地运行，就必须切实重视弱势群体问题，消除不和谐的社会因素，使整个社会呈现和谐相处、充满生机和活力的局面。弱势群体是指由于自然、经济、社会和文化等方面的条件限制而处于低下状态，缺少正常人具有的能力和条件去化解面临的种种社会问题造成的压力，导致自身陷入困境，处于不利社会地位的群体或阶层。贫困性是弱势群体的本质属性。构成弱势群体的一个很重要的原因是身心健康状况较差，占有相当部分的比例，而体育健身对促进弱势群体身心健康具有重要作用。社会支持是指在社会互动过程中，个体从其他个人、群体、社会组织或政府机构中获得的物质、情感、信息、归属感等方面的支持。而“具有较低社会支持感的人对他人的评估比较消极，而对自己本身，产生人际交往无能、焦虑及社会排拒感”。心理上容易产生不满、苦闷、焦虑、急躁情绪，难以自我调适，进而对生活丧失信心。社会支持对增强人的社会适应性，提高人的生活质量，调节人的情绪状态，促进人的身心健康等方面具有重要的作用。本论文以甘肃省城市弱势群体为切入点，采用问卷调查等研究方法，对该群体体育健身的社会支持进行分析研究，旨在揭示出该群体现有体育健身社会支持的现状以及影响该群体获得社会支持的主要因素。结果发现：1、甘肃省城市弱势群体体育健身现状令人担忧，他们的体育健身意识和体育健身行为之间相差很大，体育消费处于较低水平，且身心健康状况不容乐观；2、弱势群体体育健身维持着传统的非正式社会支持系统，尤其以家庭支持为核心；3、社会支持机制不够健全，目前各级政府部门未能建立起全方位、与之配套的法规体系和管理体制；4、社会支持体系不完善是甘肃省城市弱势群体较少获得体育健身社会支持的主要原因。本研究的目的在于，通过探讨甘肃省城市弱势群体健身的社会支持体系的建立和完善，为甘肃省弱势群体体育健身的社会支持提供科学的理论依据，力求为甘肃省城市弱势群体体育健身社会支持提出有益的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 At 21st century, China has stepped from the stage of developing a well-off society into a new era of constructing a harmonious society. As a sophisticated and systematic project, the construction of a harmonious society involves various aspects of constructions in terms of politics, economy and culture. Therefore, an overall balance is necessary. The concern of vulnerable groups constitutes a major subject in forming a harmonious society. In order to enhance the social justice, promote the social stability and ensure a healthy and orderly developed society, importance must be attached to the problem of vulnerable groups so as to create a stable society and to ensure a harmonious scene full of animation and dynamics. By vulnerable groups, we refer to a class or those who, driven in a plight for natural, economic, social or cultural reasons, live in a disadvantaged situation as a result of lower status, and are thus not able to release pressures as others do. Poverty is the essential characteristics of vulnerable groups. A large proportion of the vulnerable groups are physically or mentally unhealthy. Doing physical exercises is an effective way to make them healthy. Social support refers to the material, emotional, informational support and a sense of belonging to the society which an individual obtains from other people, communities, associations or government. "Those who possess insufficient social support often respond to others’ comments pessimistically and have a sense of deficiency in interpersonal communication, anxiety and social isolation."l Therefore, they tend to be complaining, distressful, anxious and impatient and even lose confidence in life. Social support plays a significant role in increasing people’s ability to adapt, improving their living standard, relieving them of negative feelings and making them healthy physically and spiritually.This paper, by means of questionnaire research, focused on the urban vulnerable groups in Gansu province and aims to conduct a research on the social support on physical exercises of them, hoping to reveal the present PE situation under its social support and some major elements influencing the obtaining the social support. The main findings are: 1 the present PE situation of urban vulnerable groups in Gansu province is not optimistic; 2 the PE of vulnerable groups still adopt informal traditional social support system, namely family support, and the social support from formal system is rather limited; 3 the system of social support is not perfected and relevant laws and regulations have not been formed; 4 due to less perfected social support system of Gansu, vulnerable groups have little access to social support.The present research, by exploring the construction of the system of social support of the urban vulnerable groups’ physical exercises in Gansu, aims to provide scientific proofs for the social support of the urban vulnerable groups’ physical exercises in Gansu and give some suggestions in this regard.更多还原