【作者】 邬友倩；

【导师】 范并思；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 情报学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 内容分析，作为广泛运用于人文社会科学的一种研究方法，自有其特殊的优势和魅力。在国内学术界，虽传播学、情报学、社会学、心理学等众多学科领域在教科书或论文中都涉及内容分析的介绍，但学术论述缺少从方法论的层面透析内容分析，多为从本学科的角度阐述内容分析。本文重点旨在以方法论的视角对内容分析的理论和最新应用做介绍，更深入理解内容分析。论文主要的研究内容是：1)内容分析的发展历史、主要著作、涵义、应用和优势。2)内容分析的概念框架，概念框架是由文本、研究问题、情境、分析构念、推论和验证依据构成的分析体系，概念框架揭示了内容分析涉及的重要概念及重要概念间的联系。3)内容分析设计，内容分析设计体现了内容分析实施的步骤，设计内容分析的过程中存在信息反馈和对分析组件的不断修正。4)内容分析的分析构念，分析构念运用内容分析者的情境知识，将情境转化为可计算的形式，是对情境的提炼。5)计算机辅助的内容分析，介绍了多种不同基础的计算机辅助内容分析和软件。6)内容分析新的应用领域，包括媒体分析和企业竞争情报中的应用。文中的概念框架旨在从方法论的角度介绍和阐释内容分析，期望从更本质的层面认识内容分析，挖掘内容分析被忽视的一些问题。概念框架始终在构筑一个由多因素互相联系和限制的内容分析环境，反复强调这个环境的具体性，也就是因不同研究目的而异，在一个内容分析的体系中，以研究问题为目标，由文本情境限制，由分析构念描述、由基于文本的推论过程具体实现。最终，分析超越了文本，拓展了分析者的能力，推论的是文本之外分析者不可能直接观察到的现象。内容分析是为了得到文本外的“言外之意”，但这样的“言外之意”一定是依托于为了解答研究问题构筑的情境之上，情境是一个内容分析体系的基础，如果分析构念是内容分析的骨架，那么支撑起这骨架的就是情境，没有情境，“言外之意”就是无凭无据的“胡言乱语”。在情境中，联系起文本和研究答案的除了稳定关系，另外存在作用条件。所以情境既包含了文本和研究答案的稳定关联性，又包含了作用因素，而后者却是常常被忽视。本文的创新之处在于从方法论的角度介绍和阐释内容分析，期望从更本质的层面认识内容分析，挖掘内容分析被忽视的一些问题。重点论述概念框架和内容分析概念框架和内容分析设计，而不是分析步骤，因其更具有指导意义，也进一步能对内容分析的定量与定性做辨析阐述，从而避免将内容分析的实际运用流于形式、拘于框架。对于论述计算机辅助的内容分析，期望能较为全面。而关于内容分析超越学术领域的实际应用从企业情报监测和媒体分析两方面入手，突出内容分析在情报学领域的优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a method for empirical purpose with a quantity form, content analysis is a generalmethod for soft science. Although having a wide academic application in the west,content analysis still sees a limited use in China’s academic fields. This paper is tointroduce content analysis in a methodology view and to better understand contentanalysis.The major research works of the paper are as follows:1) The history, academic writings, definition and advantage of content analysis2) The conceptual framework of content analysis, which consists of text, research questions, context, analysis construct, inferences and validating evidence. The conceptual framework uncovers the important concepts and their associations in a well-designed content analysis system.3) The content analysis designs, which represent the network of steps to conduct a specific content analysis. During the process of designing content analyses, there are information feedback and modification of the components.4) The analytical constructs of content analysis, which operationalize the analysits’ knowledge of the context and model the texts’ context of use.5 ) The computer-aided text analyses, which lists a variety of computer-aided contentanalysis software and cases. 6) The practical fields of content analysis, which include the media measurementand enterprise competitive intelligence.The conceptual framework is aimed to introduce the content analysis in the methodological view, which would help to better understand the content analysis and review the problems once have been ignored. The conceptual framework is based on a content analysis system, within which several factors are related to each other. And it is necessary to emphasize the specificity of each analysis. With the research problem as the aim, a content analysis is restricted by the context, represented by the analysis construct, and finally accomplished by the inferences. Then a content analysis expends the capacity of the analyst, who is able to infer the extra-characters of the texts.A content analysis is to find the extra-characters of the texts, which is definitely based on the context of the research problem. Contexts are fundamentals of content analysis. Without the context, a content analysis has no sense. In the contexts analyst conceived, not only the stable correlation but the contributing conditions as well relate the texts and research problem to a content analysis, while the latter is always ignored. The innovation of the paper is the methodological view, a more profound level to explain content analysis. Instead of introducing fixed steps, topics such as conceptual frameworks and content analysis designs may make more sense for academic use of content analysis. Critical interpreting of qualification and quantification in content analysis provides a sensible look of content analysis to avoid apply the method in a superfluous way. As to the computer-aided textual analysis, the introduction of the paper covers a relatively wide collection of software. At last the paper deals with practical use of content analysis in the fields of media measurement and enterprise competitive intelligence, which focuses the angle of information science.更多还原