【作者】 孙蕾；

【导师】 石纯；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无论从地质构造还是大气环流格局来看,沿海城市都具备多种自然灾害的形成条件,海陆交互作用产生的复合型、变异型灾害种类繁多,破坏性巨大。同时,沿海城市人口与经济密集,城市生态系统脆弱,更容易受到灾害打击。在这一背景下,自然灾害风险研究引起当今国际社会和学术界的普遍关注。作为自然灾害风险研究的重要工具之一,脆弱性评价研究被提升到前所未有的重要地位。。本文以提高沿海城市的防灾能力为出发点,通过建立评价指标体系与评价模型的方法,进行沿海城市灾害脆弱性研究。本文广泛借鉴国内外灾害脆弱性评价的指标体系与评价模型,从经济系统、社会文化、基础设施和管理方式等方面选取指标,构建沿海城市区域脆弱性评价指标体系和沿海城市人群脆弱性评价指标体系,并以上海市沿海六区县为例进行脆弱性评价研究。本文首先阐明了自然灾害与灾害脆弱性的概念,对国内外灾害脆弱性研究现状与存在的问题进行了综述。其次,点明了本文所进行的脆弱性评价的理念与思路,并在其指导下,分别构建了沿海城市区域自然灾害脆弱性评价指标体系与沿海城市人群自然灾害脆弱性评价指标体系。而后,本文选择上海市沿海六区县为实例,分别计算各区县区域脆弱度与人群脆弱度,验证两套指标体系的科学性与合理性,并总结沿海城市脆弱性特点,提出对策建议。最后,对论文的研究工作进行总结,提出今后深入研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lots of natural factors determine that there are kinds of natural disaster in coastal cities, which bring great damage. At the same time, because of the higher population and economic density, coastal cities are more vulnerable to natural disaster. When facing with natural disaster, these cities are easier to be damaged. So, risk assessment of natural disaster has attracted more and more research interests. Vulnerability assessment, as one of the vital tools, is considered much more important than ever before.In order to improve the capability of coastal cities to resisting disaster, the paper carries out research on vulnerability assessment by establishing assessment index system and mathematic model. The paper chooses indexes to build index systems from economic system, social and cultural factors, fundamental infrastructure and means of management, and then taking the six coastal cities as research example.The paper firstly illustrates the conception of natural disaster and vulnerability, after that, the paper reviews the research progress of vulnerability assessment of natural disaster. Secondly, the paper define the theories of vulnerability assessment what is researched in it, and then establish two vulnerability assessment index systems, one is about the region, another one is about the human. Thirdly, in order to examine the two index systems, the paper takes the six coastal areas of Shanghai as example; compute the region vulnerability and human vulnerability of every area, and then the paper summarize the vulnerability characters of natural disaster about coastal city and puts forward some suggestions. Finally, the conclusion and the orientation of research for future are discussed.更多还原