【作者】 张鸿；

【导师】 朱彦鹏；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 砌体结构因其具有投资节省、施工方便、就地取材等优势，已在多层住宅、学校、医院等建筑中得到了广泛应用，是我国建筑工程中量大面广的最常用的结构形式。但砌体结构在具有上述优点的同时，也存在抗拉与抗剪强度低等缺点，因此许多砌体结构建筑物在建设和使用过程中出现了不同程度、不同形式的裂缝，这是一个相当普遍的问题，是一个长期困扰着建筑工程技术人员的难题，尤其是住宅商品化的今天，这个问题日益引起人们的关注。首先，本文在对建筑结构裂缝进行了分类的基础上，进一步分析了砖混结构温度裂缝控制原则，总结了各种温度应力的计算方法。利用有限元非线性分析法，以一建筑物为基本模型砌体结构进行温度效应计算，计算结果表明：温度变形总是遵循建筑底部变形较小，随着向建筑上部发展变形逐步增大，并在顶部达到位移极值的普遍规律。温度应力在墙体中的分布表现为两端大，中间小。其次，本文根据建筑物所处的正常和非正常两种工作环境状态，考虑四种工况分析模型建筑物的温度效应。第三，砌体结构的温度应力不仅与温差有关，还与结构的约束程度、结构的型式、尺寸等因素有关，本文通过改变影响参数逐一分析。并结合预应力砌体的工作原理对砌体顶层的部分构造柱施加预压应力，得出结论：施加预应力是有效的。最后，总结砌体常见的温度裂缝类型和国内外砌体规范的不同，结合本文的有限元分析结论，提出了关于温度裂缝的综合控制措施。同时，也为进一步研究结构在温度作用下的特性打下了良好的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advantage of economical investment,convenient construction and using local materials,Masonry structure has already extensively been applied in a lot of fields such as residences,schools,hospitals etc,and it is regarded as a structure pattern which has broad using prospect.However,there are a lot of shortcomings such as low tensile and shear strength in this structure,so there have lots of different forms of cracks in the course of the construction and using of buildings.It is a very common problem and has become a problem of puzzling us in long time,especially in residential commercialization.Firstly,in this paper,the cracks of buildings are classified in detail.On this basis, the principals of temperature crack controlling of the masonry buildings are analyzed,and a wide variety of methods used for computing the thermal stress are summed up.Adopting the nonlinear finite element method,the following conclusions can be made:with the increase of height deformation has become biger and biger,thermal deformation becomes bigger,appears at building bottom,and the biggest thermal top.Thermal stress is big in the end and small in the middle.Secondly,based on two conditions of normal working environment and abnormal working environment,thermal deformation of model are analyzed in four woking conditions.Thirdly,thermal stress in masonry structure is influenced by many factors,such as temperature,restriction degree of the structure,structural patterns and dimension,etc.In this paper,it is analyzed through different influencing parameters.Associating the principle of prestressed masonry some structural columns are applied with prestress on the top of masonry structure.and draw a conclusion that prestressing is an effective measure.Finally,some common temperature cracks of masonry buildings and differences of foreign and Chinese code are summed,and integrated measures are put forward to prevent the temperature cracks on the basis of the conclusion of FEA,which provides a good basis for the further research of structure behavior with the thermal action.更多还原