【作者】 袁丰伟；

【导师】 李丙才；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 炭素阳极焙烧是铝工业的重要工序之一。随着铝工业的发展，对炭素阳极需求量越来越大，对其质量要求也越来越高。阳极焙烧质量的好坏将直接影响到铝电解生产的电流效率和能耗。因此，如何改进阳极质量，如何提高阳极焙烧技术就成为开发具有自主知识产权铝电解工业的重要课题!由于铝电解阳极技术在许多方面涉及石油化工、煤焦油化工、炭素工艺、热工炉窑和铝电解技术等许多边缘学科，因此对阳极焙烧的工艺、控制等各个方面的深入研究任重而道远!本文对兰州铝业有限公司焙烧车间36室环式焙烧炉进行研究。本项目为该厂二期扩建项目，本人有幸参与并对其自动化控制系统做些研究工作。该项目由法国Setaram公司与兰州理工大学共同承建，扩建后的设备装备水平高、操作控制周期短、产品质量高、耗能低、产量高，增强了企业竞争力。本文首先详细介绍了阳极焙烧的意义和国内外的发展动态，阐述了国内生产阳极技术和国际先进水平的差距。然后介绍了焙烧过程中的影响因数，也就是如何提高焙烧阳极质量。提高阳极质量的直接效果就是减少电解过程中的阳极净消耗量。接着介绍了焙烧原理和工艺要求，整个焙烧过程包括粘结的分解、挥发分排出和焦化。还介绍了几种控制原理主要是对温度和压力进行有效控制。由于实际生产中主要采用PID控制并且控制效果很好，因此本文对PID控制进行了研究，同时提出一种新型模糊PID控制方法。最后结合实际对焙烧一级设备和二级设备(中央设备)的具体配置，整体系统的软硬件组成及运行状况，如何进行通信和控制等进行了较为详细的研究。本文主要研究工作：1．由于PID控制方法比较成熟，在实际工程中使用广泛，兰铝二期扩建项目亦采用PID控制方法，实际表明控制效果良好。但是，由于自然条件等诸多不确定因数影响，使气压差、温差变化较大，将影响焙烧炭阳极质量。因此本文提出一种新型模糊PID控制算法，从理论上进行研究。2．中铝公司青海分厂近期准备进行阴极车间二期工程的招标，并邀请我们公司竞标。因此本文对焙烧一级设备和二级设备进行了详细的研究，作为竞标的初步方案。2003年由兰州理工大学数控加工中心和电信学院承建的白银铝厂环式阳极焙烧控制系统项目得到了甲方的认可和表扬，设计出具有自主知识产权的控制系统和软件。本文对此进行借鉴、研究，并在此基础上对兰州二期焙烧项目进行深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon anode baking is one of important working procedures in aluminium industry. With the development of aluminium industry, more carbon anodes and higher quality are both required. The quality of carbon anodes will have direct impact on current efficiency and energy consumption to aluminium electrolysis production. So, how to improve carbon anode quality, how to improve anode baking technology become important tasks for developing independent intellectual property in aluminium electrolysis industry. Since the aluminium electrolysis industry involves many other fields including petrochemical industry, tar oil chemical industry, carbon technics, heat furnace and aluminium electrolysis which are frontier branches of science. So the study in many aspects include anode baking process and control still has a long way to walk.This paper is based on the project of 36 circle anode baking furnace in Lanzhou Aluminium Ltd. This is the expanded project, and I am fortunate that I participated and did study on auto control system. The project was completed by both Setaram of France and Lanzhou University of Technology. After finished, they have higher equipment level, shorter period of operation and control, higher production quality, lower energy consumption, higher output, and strengthen enterprise competition.In this paper, firstly anode baking furnace Significance and its development of home and abroad are introduced. Secondly, it expatiates the gap between internal and international’level in producing anode technology. Then it introduces the influenced facts during baking process, in other words, we should try to improve the anode block quality. The direct effect of improving anode block quality is to cut down the anode consumption during electrolyzing process. Then it introduced baking principles and craftwork requirement. The entire baking process includes the cohere decomposition, volatility exhaust and coking. It also introduced some control methods mainly to control temperature and pressure effectively. Because PID regulation method is mainly used in real production and well done, I do the study of PID regulation. Finally, I do detailed study on configuration of level 1 and level 2 equipments, the hardware and software and running status of the whole fire system, and how the communication and controlling are carrying out according to the real production and project.The main work as follows:1. Because PID control method is very mature and used widely in real project. It was also used in expanded project and indicated that its control effect was good. But because of the natural condition and many indefinite factors, the air pressure difference and temperature difference is big, which will influence the quality of carbon anode. So I bring forward one fuzzy PID regulation method and study it in theory.2. Recently, the Chalco Qinghai company is preparing for expanded project for cathode plant. They invited us to join the public bidding. I did detailed study on level1 and level 2 in this paper which will be used to bidding as elementary scheme. The project of anode baking furnace of Baiyin Aluminium Company which was completed by Numerical Control Center and Telecom College of Lanzhou University of Technology was recognized and praised by Part A. The control system and software were designed by us independently. I used it for reference, and did further study on Lanzhou Aluminium Company expanded anode baking project.更多还原