【作者】 卢俊峰；

【导师】 马钦彦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对密云水库集水区的油松人工林的降雨截留特征进行研究。通过在密云北庄油松试验地外测定大气降雨量，在林内测定穿透雨量和树干茎流量，得出了在不同时期、不同降雨量和降雨强度下的林冠截留量；使用各种统计模型、概念模型，半概念模型拟合次降雨中截留量与降雨量的关系；通过Gash模型分析年度的林地降雨分配，得出林冠截留量各组分的比例并进行比较；分析树干茎流产生的特点；通过各月份的降水分配的统计，分析月截留总量、月树干茎流总量、月平均截留率以及月平均茎流率与月降雨量的关系；通过与同在北庄林业试验地的刺槐人工林、板栗人工林以及在密云水库库西区的油松人工林的比较，讨论北庄油松人工林的林冠截留相关参数与其它林地的区别。本文研究的主要结果表明：（1）林冠截留受多种气候因子，林冠因子，林地因子的影响，所以单纯分析林冠截留量与降雨量大小的关系并不能完全反映林冠截留的规律。和国内外大多数的研究结果一样，本研究在密云北庄油松人工林的次降雨量和截留量的关系分析中，发现难以成稳定的曲线关系，但可以推出非线性模型显然比线性模型更适合拟合两者关系。（2）用经验因子代替具体的林冠特征和气象指标，综合Aston和刘家冈的概念模型，可以得出运算比较简单的有关截留量与降雨量关系的半概念模型：I=I^*_cm[1—exp(—P_G／I^*_cm)]+αP_G。（3）刺槐人工林和板栗人工林的林冠容量均小于油松人工林。溪翁庄油松林的林冠容量远小于北庄油松林。北庄油松林具有林冠容量大的特征。（4）北庄油松林的月截留量，月穿透雨量，月树干茎流量与月降雨量均呈现显著的正相关关系，拟合度高于次降雨。但月截留率、月茎流率、月穿透雨率与月降雨量的关系不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the characteristics of rainfall interception by Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Miyun reservoir watershed were studied. By measuring precipitation outside the experimental forest and throughfall, stemflow in the forest located in Beizhuang Forestry Station of Miyun, rainfall interception by canopy of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in various rainfall events with different intensities in various periods was computed; the relations between precipitation and interception in individual rainfall events were simulated using various statistical models, theoretical models and semi-theoretical models; through analysis of annual rainfall distribution by the forest, proportions of interception components were computed and compared; the generation of stemflow was analyzed; from the statistics of monthly rainfall distribution, the relationships of monthly precipitation with monthly interception, monthly stemflow, monthly interception rate and monthly stemflow rate were analyzed; the characteristics of rainfall interception by Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beizhuang were compared with Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in western watershed of Miyun reservoir, Robinia pseudoacacia and Castanea mollissima plantations in Beizhuang by comparison of relevant parameters. The main results of this study were:(1) Rainfall interception by canopy is influenced by multiple factors in meteorology, canopy patterns and site conditions. Therefore, it is almost impossible to conclude the law of interception simply by analyzing the relationship between precipitation and interception. Similar with most domestic and foreign studies, this study could not arrive at stable curve simulation on the relationship between precipitation and interception in individual rainfall events. However, it is obvious that nonlear models can perform more satisfactorily than linear models in the simulation.(2) While indices of climate and canopy were replaced by empirical factors, a simplified semi-theoretical model was advanced on the basis of models advanced by Liu J.G and Aston:(3) The canopy storage of Robinia pseudoacacia and Castanea mollissima plantations were all less than that of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation. The canopy storage of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Xiwengzhuang was far less than that of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beizhuang. Greater canopy capacity was reflected in the rainfall interception by Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beizhuang. (4) Monthly throughfall and monthly stemflow all had obvious positive relationships with monthly precipitation with higher rates of simulation than those for individual rainfall events. However, monthly interception rate, monthly throughfall rate and monthly stemflow rate did not demonstrate obvious relationships with monthly precipitation.更多还原