【作者】 胡小霞；

【导师】 张双保； 王戈；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 竹材资源丰富，竹纤维作为新型的纺织材料，目前市场尚无生产、鉴别纺织用竹纤维的标准。本论文选择天然纤维，“竹原纤维”(NF纤维)和竹粘胶纤维(TZ纤维)和苎麻纤维(NM纤维)为试验材料，测定天然竹纤维的基本性状，评价竹纤维成为纺织纤维的可行性。测定纺织用竹纤维相关物理力学指标，对其性能进行评价，结果为纺织用竹纤维行业标准制定提供基础数据，此外探讨出一种或多种鉴别纺织用竹纤维的方法。得出结论如下：1．天然竹纤维横断面中空，边缘有裂隙，具有吸湿透气性，纤维实现半脱胶，长度达到20mm以上具有可纺性；NF纤维和TZ纤维具有优良的吸湿透气性；从NF纤维、TZ纤维的微观构造看，纤维具有很强的抱合力，有利于纺织成纱。2．从力学性能看，纤维干态下，NF纤维与NM纤维强度相近，在5-7 cN／dex，TZ纤维强度较低；湿态下TZ纤维强度下降明显；低温和高温处理后，纤维力学指标都有下降趋势，且高于120℃，强度下降明显；碱处理后可改善纤维性状，但力学强度下降，150g／l是纤维最大溶胀浓度。3．从影像上看，扫描电镜下，TZ纤维横断面多孔隙，明显不同于NF、NM纤维，扫描电镜在位拉伸法观察TZ纤维破坏断口较光滑，NF、NM纤维断口倾斜，说明扫描电镜法和扫描电镜在位拉伸法可区别TZ纤维，但不能区别NF、NM纤维；4．运用近红外技术，建立波长相关识别模型对三种纤维进行鉴别，识别率达到100％，所以近红外技术是一种快速、准确鉴别“竹原纤维”和苎麻纤维的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The resource of bamboo fiber is aboundant,as a new textile material,there are not a clear criterion in manufacture and distinguish on bamboo fiber.In this paper.natural bamboo fiber,"bamboo natural fiber(NF)", viscose bamboo fiber(TZ) and ramee(NM),were used as experimental materials,to test the fundamentality of natural bamboo fiber and appraise the feasibility to be a textile material.At the same time to test the relative physical and mechanics properties and offer base data to the industry criterion,as well as probe into one or more means to distinguish "bamboo natural fibers".The main results as follows:1. Natural bamboo fiber is middle hollow and cranny in brink,having moisture absorption propertie,breathe freely,if be half separated,the length can reach 20mm,so it can be spinned;NF fiber and NM fiber have eminent moisture absorption propertie,can breathe freely;From the microstructure angle,bamboo fibers have great holding forces,it will be good to textile.2. From mechanical angle,in dry condition,NF fiber have the same intensity as NM fiber,is 5-7 cN/dex,the intensity of TZ fiber is lower,and it will decrease in wet condition ;Treated with different temperatures,the intensity will decrease,and after 120℃,it decreases in evidence;alkali can improve some properties but drop the intensity down,150g/l is the most swelling consistency.3. From the image, the micro structure shows,TZ fiber has many small hole,being different fromNF fiber and NM fiber. Through using in-site linear-scan electron microscope method(ISL-SEM),we can see the smooth break surface of TZ fiber,but an incline break surface of NF fiber and NM fiber.so it can be explained we can used SEM and ISL-SEM to distinguish TZ fiber,not NF fiber and NM fiber.4. By Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, conceiving relative identity mode to distinguish TZ fiber, NF fiber and NM fiber, the identity rate reaches 100%, so NIR is a speeding, accurate method to distinguish between NF fibers and NM fibers.更多还原