【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 贾桂霞；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 百合(Lilium)，百合科多年生草本植物，是世界著名观赏花卉之一，我国百合属植物资源丰富，特有种多，分布广，是世界百合杂交育种不可多得的原始材料，但目前很多野生百合资源没有得到充分利用。针对这一问题，作者对云南西北部地区和长白山二道白河地区的野生百合种质资源进行了调查、收集、引种及繁殖等方面的研究。在云南西北部地区共收集了7种野生百合，分别为滇百合(Lilium bakerianum)、黄绿花滇百合(L．bakerianum var．delavayi)、玫红百合(L．amoenum)、淡黄花百合(L．sulphureum)、小百合(L．nanum)、紫花百合(L．souliei)和宝兴百合(L．duchartrei)。其中滇百合主要分布在哈巴雪山海拔2700-2900m处，土壤为棕壤；黄绿花滇百合主要分布在德钦白茫雪山海拔3000-3100m处，土壤为暗棕色森林土；玫红百合分布在丽江白沙北部玉龙雪山，土壤主要为草甸土，分布在海拔3010m左右；淡黄花百合主要分布在玉龙雪山海拔1900-2100m处，土壤为暗棕色森林土；小百合主要分布在德钦白茫雪山海拔2700-3500m处，土壤为森林土；紫花百合主要分布在玉龙雪山3500-4200m以及德钦白茫雪山海拔3000m左右，有些与黄绿花滇百合混生，土壤为草甸土和森林土；宝兴百合主要分布在德钦白茫雪山海拔2700-3100m处，土壤为暗棕色森林土。德钦白茫雪山海拔3000m处和4000m处百合最为丰富，主要百合种类有紫花百合、小百合、宝兴百合、黄绿花滇百合，这4种百合自然分布区域植物丰富，乔木多为单层纯林，以冷杉为主，灌木以中甸箭竹为主，林下以杜鹃为主，杜鹃分布较密集，草本植物主要有全缘绿绒蒿、蹄盖蕨、堇菜、早熟禾等。7种野生种百合多分布于林缘、草坡、山坡和溪边，分布较为零散，未见有成片生长。在长白山二道白河地区共收集到3种野生百合，分别为轮叶百合(L．distichum)、毛百合(L．dauricum)和卷丹(L．lancifolium)，三种百合均分布于海拔800m左右，其中轮叶百合多生长在林缘半荫地区，生长环境较湿润；而毛百合和卷丹适应性较强，多生长在路旁、林隙间，土壤板结干燥，生长环境相对较差。毛百合在光照为50％至100％条件下生长最好，其植株粗壮；当相对光照为30％左右时，毛百合则细弱、较矮；当相对光照仅为15％左右时，毛百合植株矮小，不开花或花冠较小。将云南采集的百合进行引种栽培研究，7种百合基本适应北京地区的气候条件，萌芽期大多集中在3月中上旬，之后生长较迅速，直至5月中旬速度缓慢下来，在5月下旬至6月初植株高度就不再变化；滇百合和宝兴百合开花结实，其它5种百合均未开花，且生长过程中出现倒伏现象。对毛百合鳞片扦插繁殖进行了研究，结果显示只有带基部的鳞片才可以诱导出小鳞茎，在高湿度的情况下鳞片扦插繁殖的诱导率、生根率及小鳞茎的大小、个数等指标都明显优于低湿度条件，前者诱导率可达到93.4％，生根率为80.2％，每个鳞片上小球个数为3.2个。形成小鳞茎后，立即移植到栽培土壤中可以促进小球根系的尽早生长。滇百合和宝兴百合种子萌发试验结果显示，温度对两种百合种子发芽率的影响显著，在20℃恒温条件下种子的发芽率最高为82％；光照对两种百合种子发芽率影响不显著，但从发芽进程和发芽势等方面来看，应采用20℃恒温黑暗条件进行种子萌发。此外对北京西部和北部山区气候条件及野生百合分布情况进行了分析研究，并与荷兰、昆明等地百合生产区的气候、土壤条件进行了比较，认为北京部分山区具备百合种质资源圃和种球生产基地的建设条件，并筛选出11个适宜区域。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lily is perennial bulbous flower and also famous ornamental flower in the world. China is rich in the wild lily resources,and has a lot of endemic species which are widespread, which are precious original material and play a very important role in the Word Cultivation. However, the seed bulb of Chinese have not get appropriate application. In view of this question,the auther studied on resource, introduction and cultivation, reproduction of wild lilies in northwest of Yunnan and Erdaobai River of Changbai Mountain.The auther collected 7 spescies of wild lily in Yunnan, which are Lilium bakerianum, L.bakerianum var.delavayi, L.amoenum, L.sulphureum, L.nanum, L.souliei and L.duchartrei. L.bakerianum distributes at 2700-2900m altitudes in Haba Snow Mountain,where is brown forest soil. L.bakerianum var.delavayi distributes at 3000-3100m altitudes in Baimang Snow Mountain,where is dark brown forest soil. L.amoenum distributes at 3010m altitudes in Yulong Snow Mountain,where is meadow soil. L.sulphureum distributes at 1900-2100m altitudes in Yulong Snow Mountain, where is brown forest soil. L.nanum distributes at 2700-3500m altitudes in Baimang Snow Mountain,where is forest soil. L.souliei distributes at 3500-4200m altitudes in Yulong Snow Mountain and at 3000m altitudes in Baimang Snow Mountain, where respectively is meadow soil and forest soil, and some mixes live with L.bakerianum var.delavayi. L.duchartrei distributes at 2700-3100m altitudes in Baimang Snow Mountain,where is dark brown forest soil. Baimang Snow Mountain at 2700-3100m altitudes is the most rich in lilies,including L.nanum,L.souliei, L.bakerianum var.delavayi and L.duchartrei,where plant community is Abies fabric—Fargesia sp.—Rhododevdron simsii—Meconopsis integrifolia, Athyrium sp, Viola adenothrix and Poa annua. Most of them distribute scattered in the forest edge, grassy slope, hillside and nearby brook. There are 3 spescies of wild lily collected from Changbai Mountain, which are L.distichum, L.dauricum and L.lancifolium, their altitudes is about 800m. L.distichum distributes in the forest edge, L.dauricum and L.lancifolium distribute in roadside and forest edge,whose habitats are bad, and they have strong compatibility. In 50% —100% light conditions, L.dauricum grows strongly,in 30%,which grows fragile, and in 15%, which grows diminutive and whose flower is small.In the introduction and cultivation experiment, seed phase of 7 wild lilies is concentrated at the beginning of March,then growed quickly until May, and the height did not change from the end of May to the beginning of June, being suitable for climate condition of Beijing. Only Lilium bakerianum and Lilium duchartrei blossomed and bore fruit,and other lily did’t blossom and had lodging in growth. The cuttage propagation experiment of L.dauricum demonstrated that only bulb scale with base can inducts bulblets and it is suitable to cottage in high humidity, which inductivity is 93.4%. After having inducted bulblets, transplanting to soil can promot roots to grow. In germination of seeds experiment, variance analysis indicates that the effect of temperature is remarkable and seed rate is highest in 20°C ,82%. The effect of light intensity to seed germination is not remarkable,but according to germination tendency it is best to choice 20°C and dark condition. Through researching on climatic conditions and wild lilies distribution and comparing with climatic and soil conditions of lily bulbs production area of Holland and Kunming,Beijing has condition to establish germplasm resources garden and bulbs production base, at the same time, the auther selected 12 suitable areas.更多还原