【作者】 李丽萍；

【导师】 马履一；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了给北京市绿地灌溉提供一定的理论依据，改善现有绿地水分管理中的很大的盲目性和粗放性。本文以北京市主要园林绿化灌木树种金叶女贞、大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨、紫叶小檗和常用绿地草早熟禾为研究对象，通过对4种灌木和1种草本的盆栽控水试验，弄清了植物在不同天气、不同下垫面和不同遮阴下的耗水规律，揭示了不同植物耗水能力的差异，建立了树种耗水与主要环境因子的10个关系模型。本研究取得的主要成果有：弄清了树种耗水的季节差异，在充分供水条件下，大叶黄杨为春季和秋季耗水型，金叶女贞和小叶黄杨为夏季耗水型，大叶黄杨春季日蒸腾耗水速率为0.783kg·m^-2·d^-1，秋季日蒸腾耗水速率为0.673kg·m^-2·d^-1，金叶女贞夏季日蒸腾耗水速率0.919kg·m^-2·d^-1，小叶黄杨春季和秋季的蒸腾耗水速率为夏季的44％、55％。比较了充分供水下4个灌木树种的年平均耗水率。分别为：金叶女贞563.71g·m^-2·d^-1，大叶黄杨511.07g·m^-2·d^-1，小叶黄杨202.25g·m^-2·d^-1，小叶黄杨明显小于其他两个树种，是耗水较少的树种。分析了环境因子对树木蒸腾耗水的影响，在充分供水条件下，各树种蒸腾速率与气孔导度极显著相关，与太阳辐射、相对湿度和气温的相关性稍弱。建立了树木蒸腾速率与主要环境因子的10个优化模型。遮阴可以降低植物水分利用效率，大叶黄杨、金叶女贞，紫叶小檗和小叶黄杨，遮阴比全光照时的水分利用效率分别下降了84％、82.3％、38.1％、24.1％。由控水试验得出小叶黄杨是一种比较耐旱的植物，可以在比较干旱的环境下生长，而金叶女贞是4种灌木中最不耐旱的植物，但金叶女贞在干旱胁迫后的恢复能力较高。由硬路面和草面两种下垫面的耗水试验得到：金叶女贞和大叶黄杨在草面的耗水量比在硬路面的大，小叶黄杨和紫叶小檗在硬路面的耗水量比在草面的大。用自制蒸散仪测定了草地早熟禾在各季节不同光照条件下的耗水量，全光照下单位面积草地早熟禾春夏秋3个季节的日耗水量分别为：2906.05g·m^-2·d^-1、4582.45g·m^-2·d^-1、7179.57g·m^-2·d^-1，此结果为园林绿化灌溉制度的合理制定提供了理论依据。在两年的观测试验中，采用了Li-6400光合分析系统、土壤水分测定仪、SEC广域压力膜仪等先进的仪器设备。对每一个试验项目都设计了3～5个重复，且进行了长时间、多时段观测。本课题以园林绿化灌木树种为研究对象，研究了4种常用灌木和1种草本的耗水特性，并计算出了不同灌木和草配置下的日耗水量和年耗水量，这些结果在实践上具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 To provide the Theoretical Foundation for irrigation of green spaces,and then improve blind and extensive irrigation management of green spaces now, this thesis have been focused on tests of potted seedlings including 4 shrubs such as Ligustrum x vicaryi, Euonymus japonicus, Buxus micmphylla, Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea and one grass Poa pratensis .In the end, we got the water- consuming laws of these plants in the different weather conditions,different surfaces and different light conditions, disclosed the difference of the water consumpotion of different plants,built up 10 relationship model between water consumption and dominant environmental factors .The following is the main results obtained in this research:It is the primary purpose of this work to provide information about the water consumption depended on the different season of all kinds of species. With sufficient water supply, Euonymus japonicus belongs to high-water consumption in spring and autumn, Ligustrum x vicaryi and Buxus micmphylla belongs to high-water consumption in summer. The WUE of Buxus micmphylla is the highest one of these plants. The daily water consumption rate of Euonymus japonicus is 0.7829 kg·m^-2 ·d^-1 in Spring and 0.6732 kg·m^-2·d^-1 in Autumn. The daily water consumption rate of Ligustrum x vicaryi is 0.9186 kg·m^-2·d^-1 in Summer, The daily water consumption rate of Buxus micmphylla in Spring and Autumn are the 44%,55% of the rateof Summer.With sufficient water supply, the average annual water consumption of 4 shrubs have been compared.Ligustrum x vicaryi is 563.71g·m^-2d^-1, Euonymus japonicus is 511.07g·m^-2d^-1, Buxus micmphylla is 202.25g·m^-2d^-1, Buxus micmphylla is the low-water consumption species,obviously less than the others.The influence of environmental factors on trees transpiration is analyzed. With sufficient water supply, stomatal conductance have a strong influence on transpiration speed of all kinds of species, while sun radiation, relative humidity and temperature have relatively weak influence on transpiration speed. but transpiration speed is strongly influenced by summer weather in summer.10 Optimal models of transpiration speed and environmental factors are created.Overshadowing can reduce WUE of plants, The WUE of Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum x vicaryi Buxus microphylla and Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea, in Overshadowing decreased by 84%、 82.3%、38.1%、24.1% than in full sunshine.Buxus microphylla is drought enduring plant.can survive a longer time under the drought environment. The drought resistance of Ligustrum x vicaryi is lowest in the 4shrubs, but the recovery capability of Ligustrum x vicaryi is highest.Through the water consumpotion research of hard surface and grass surface,we have drawn a conclusion that the water consumpotion of Ligustrum x vicaryi Euonymus japonicus on the grass is more than on the hard surface,but Buxus microphylla and Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea are just on the contrary.Using self-made evapotranspirometer, we have measured and calculated the water consumption of Poa pratensis in different light conditions in eyery growing season. The daily water consumpotion of spring, summer and autumn under full sunshine are 2906.05g·m^-2·d^-1, 4582.45 g·m^-2·d^-1 ,7179.57g·m^-2·d^-1.And this can provide the theoretical bases for Establishing the System of irrigation of green spaces.During two years observation, some advanced instruments such as Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System,Field Soil Moisture Measurement and SEC are used. In addition, in order to obtain precise data there are 3～5 parallel tests for each test project integrating with long time-span observation and multitemporal observation.This thesis have been focused on tests of Shrub species of the Landscaping, have known the Water Consumption Characteristic of 4 Shrubs and 1 grass and Calculated the daily and annual water consumption of different Allocation Pattems. All these results have the Guiding Significance on practice.更多还原