【作者】 田平；

【导师】 马钦彦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了揭示北京密云水库库区水源保护林涵养水源、改善水质的作用机理和规律，为北京密云水库库区水源保护林的经营与管理提供理论依据，在密云水库水源保护区上游油松人工林样地中，分别收集林冠、树干、枯落物层和土壤层雨水，通过室内外实验、调查等相结合的方法对水源保护林生态系统降水化学性质进行水化学性质分析，同时利用降雨分配模型对穿透降雨及树干径流进行了化学元素输出量分析，从根本上阐述了油松人工林对化学元素的净化机理。本文主要进行油松人工水源保护林生态系统水质分析。分析测定大气降雨、穿透降雨、树干径流、枯落物层及土壤层水分中10种化学元素含量，这10种化学元素分别是：N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn，结果如下：（1）大气降雨分配2005年4月～10月间，总降水量为636.3mm，8月份降水较多，为216.3mm，占降水量的33.99％；9月份之后降雨明显减少，到10月份降雨量只有0.44mm，只占降水量的0.44％。总的看来，2005年总的降水量属于正常年份降雨量。水源保护林林冠截流量占总降雨量的20％左右，林内穿透降雨量占总降雨量的75％左右，枝干茎流量占总降雨量的比例较小，少于降雨量的8％。（2）大气降雨水质分析大气降雨中的化学元素含量在观测时段内变化范围较大，以7月份化学元素含量最高；观测时段内各化学元素的加权平均值之和为10.817 mg·L^-1，各化学元素含量按大小排序为Ca＞N＞K＞Na＞Mg＞Fe＞P＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn。（3）试验林水质分析大气降雨经过油松林林冠、树干、枯落物层及土壤层后，化学元素含量加权平均值之和分别为14.011 mg·L^-1、29.165 mg·L^-1、20.724 mg·L^-1和51.704 mg·L^-1．由此可看出，大气降雨经过林层后，尽管各化学元素含量变化不一，但总含量却呈增加趋势，特别是经土壤层后增幅更大，这与中国其它学者的研究结果相一致．降水经过三组标准木林冠及树干后，化学元素含量增幅不同，但均随着胸径的增加而增加，这是由于胸径较粗的标准木冠幅一般较大，可淋溶较多的化学元素；比较不同月份穿透降雨、树干径流、枯落物层及土壤层水分化学元素含量：各化学元素含量变化不同，大部分化学元素含量7月份达到最大，这是由于7月份雨量较大，对油松林林冠及树干淋溶作用较强；（4）化学元素输入输出量分析2005年油松人工林生长季期间，大气降雨经过林冠层流向地面的各元素总输出量为84360.6g·hm^-2·a^-1，大气降雨各化学元素总输入量为68828.05g·hm^-2·a^-1，输出量明显大于输入量。各元素输出量从大到小排序为：Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞Na＞Fe＞P＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn，这与单纯比较各化学元素浓度结果相一致。所测6次大气降雨经过树干流向地面的各元素总输出量为4512.26g·hm^-2，明显低于6次大气降雨总输入量20723.00g·hm^-2，这与单纯比较各化学元素水质结果不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reveal the action mechanisms and laws that water resource protection forest preserves and improves water quality and to offer academic elements of managing and supervising protection forest, this paper studies the chemical property of precipitation through collecting rainwater from canopy, trunk, litter and soil layer in Pinus tabuleaeformis water resource protection forest in Miyun Reservoir watershed, which based on the investigation and the laboratory works. Furthermore, this paper studies the sendout-concents of chemical elements through canopy and trunk by using distribution models of rainfall, which explains the mechanism of depuration radically.The program mainly deals with water conservation forest ecosystem in 2005. Ten chemical elements was analyzed of the water samples collected from rainfalls, stem-flow, through-flow, litter water and soil-layer water, the chemical elements including the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese.（1） The total rainfall was 636.3mm in 2005 from April to October, and the rainfall in August was morn than other months, which was 33.99% of total rainfall. After September, it gradually got less and to the least in October, which was only 0.44% of total rainfall. In a word, the total rainfall was usual in 2005 with other years. The rainfall interception occupied 20% of total rainfall and the through-fall occupied 75%. But the stem-flow occupied less than 8%.（2） The total concentrations of chemical elements in precipitation was 10.817mg·L^-1 . It greatly varied in the rainfall periods and got to the most in July .The sequence of the concentrations in the precipitation was Ca>N>K>Na>Mg>Fe>P>Zn>Cu>Mn.（3） The concentration of total chemical elements of through-fall、 stem-flow、 litter water and soil-layer water were 14.011 mg·L^-1, 29.165 mg·L^-1, 20.724 mg·L^-1 and 51.704 mg·L^-1. we can conclude that: the contents of chemical elements of through-fall, stem-flow, litter and soil layer water were various, but the total contents increased in comparison with that of the precipitation and particularly it upsized greatly through soil layer. It is similar to studies of other scholars in our country.the contents of chemical elements in through-fall and stem-flow of three groups of standard trees were various , but got increase along with the diameter at breast height（DBH）. The reason is that the trees which have big DBH would have big canopy, so the rainfall can eluviate more chemical elements.Comparing the contents of chemical elements in through-fall, stem-flow, litter water and soil-layer water of different months, we can conclude that the concentration of most elements got to the most in July, whicn is due to the most rainfall.（4） The sum of sendout-contents of chemical elements in through-fall was 84360.6g·hm^-2·a^-1 in 2005, and the sum of input-contents of chemical elements in rainfall was 68828.05g·hm^-2·a^-1.The input-contents were less than the sendout-contents. The sequence of sendout-contents of chemical elements in through-fall was Ca>N>K>Mg>Na>Fe>P>Zn>Cu>Mn, which is the same with the result of comparing concentration..The sum of sendout-contents of chemical elements in stem-flow was 4512.26g·hm^-2 through studying six times rainfall and the sum of input-contents of chemical elements in rainfall was 20723.00 ghm^-2 .The input-contents were more than the sendout-contents, which is different from the result of comparing concentration更多还原