【作者】 肖艺；

【导师】 张志勇；

【作者基本信息】 北京农学院 ， 果树学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着草莓反季节栽培面积逐年增加,生产者缺乏有关安全与合理使用农药的知识,滥用农药现象普遍,造成农药残留量超过允许标准而影响人民身体健康。我国加入WTO后,对农药残留量标准的要求也随着提高。因此,为了确保农药的质量及减少它对环境和人体造成的危害,必须对农药进行残留量分析,这对于加强农药管理,指导科学、合理、安全使用农药,防止农药污染农产品和环境,保障人体健康,安全生产无公害果品具有及其重要的意义。为了解百菌清、异菌脲、吡虫啉和啶虫脒这几种农药在设施草莓上使用后的残留降解状态和最终残留,并为制定这几种农药在草莓上的安全使用相关标准提供依据,有效地指导生产实践,本论文进行了不同季节、不同栽培设置、不同施药剂量及果实不同处理下这几种农药的残留状况和消解动态研究。结果如下:采用建立的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法,研究了75%百菌清可湿性粉剂和50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂在春季温棚和夏季大棚草莓果实上的残留动态和最终残留量。本测定方法最小检知量为8.6×10-3ng,在草莓中最低检出浓度为0.86μg·kg-1。百菌清的平均添加回收率为88.17～99.01%,标准偏差为4.43～6.4%。异菌脲的平均添加回收率为88.15%～112.96%,标准偏差0.77%～4.54%。各项指标均符合农药残留分析的要求,为百菌清和异菌脲的残留分析研究了一个简单快速而准确的方法。采用高效液相色谱分析方法,研究了10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂在春季温棚草莓和夏季大棚草莓果实上的残留动态和最终残留量。本方法最小检知量为0.14ng,在草莓中最低检出浓度为2.8μg·kg-1。其平均添加回收率为81.6～97.21%,标准偏差为2.76～6.41%。对5%啶虫脒乳油固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法的研究发现,测定方法最小检知量为50ng,在草莓中最低检出浓度为5mg·kg-1,说明此方法最小检出量偏高,有待进一步研究。实验表明,百菌清、异菌脲和吡虫啉这三种农药在不同设施条件下草莓上的残留消解方程均符合一级动力学方程。百菌清在设施草莓上的半衰期为5～6天;异菌脲在设施草莓上的半衰期为4～6天;吡虫啉降解半衰期为4～6d;啶虫脒施药1d后未检出残留量。另外,环境条件是影响百菌清和异菌脲农药残留的重要因素,春季温棚草莓果实上比夏季大棚残留量高,消解速度慢;农药大部分残留于果实表面,果肉残留远低于全果残留。吡虫啉按推荐剂量和加倍剂量各施药3次,14d后残留量均低于0.2 mg·kg-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 With anti-season cultivation area increasing, producers lack the safety and the rational use of pesticides knowledge, which will cause pesticide residues exceeding the permissible standards and affect people’s health. Therefore, it is of great significance in ensuring the quality of pesticides, reducing its environmental risks, strengthening pesticide management, and guiding a scientific, rational, and safe use of pesticides.To understand the residue dynamics of chlorolthalonil, iprodione, imidacloprid and acetamiprid on shed strawberry and to use these pesticides effectively and safely, the residue dynamics of the four pesticides were studied in different seasons, different growing conditions, different dosages and different treats of the fruits. The results were as follows:The established Solid-Phase Extraction and the capillary GC (SPE-CGC) method was carried out for determination of the final residue amount and dynamic degradation of 75% chlorolthalonil WP and 50% iprodione WP in shed strawberry fruit. The lowest detection limit for chlorolthalonil was 8.6×10-3ng, and the limit of quantification in strawberry fruit was 0.86μg﹒kg-1.The average recovery of chlorolthalonil was 88.17～99.01%, and the standard deviation was 4.43～6.4%. The average recovery of iprodione was 88.15%～112.96%, and the standard deviation was 0.77%～4.54%. The HPLC method was carried out for determination of the final residue amount and dynamic degradation of 10% imidacloprid WP in strawberry fruit. The lowest detection limit of instrument for imidacloprid was 0.14ng, and the limit of quantification in strawberry fruit was 2.8μg·kg-1.The average recovery was 81.6～97.21%, and the standard deviation was 2.76～6.41%. To 5% acetamiprid EC, the established Solid-Phase Extraction and the capillary GC (SPE-CGC) method needs further study. The lowest detection limit for acetamiprid was 50ng, and the limit of quantification in strawberry fruit was 5mg﹒kg-1.The results showed that the degradation dynamic equations of chlorolthalonil, iprodione and imidacloprid were accorded with the first-order kinetics equation in different planting conditions. The degradation half lives of the former three pesticides in strawberry were 4～6d. No acetamiprid residue was detected 1d later. The environmental condition played an important role, the former three pesticides in strawberry fruit degraded more quickly in Summer than in Spring. Most of the residue was on the surface of the fruits and the residue of a double dose was higher than a safe dose. Strawberry was treated 3 times with two concentrations of imidacloprid, and 14 days after the last application residue in strawberry was below 0.2 mg·kg-1.更多还原