美洲大蠊和岩陀的化学成分研究

【作者】 罗万玲；

【导师】 李宝才；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 生物化工， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，天然药用资源的开发和利用已受到世界各国的普遍关注，人们对天然药物的需求量与日俱增。我国是利用天然药物资源最早的国家之一，天然药物资源是民族医药得以存在和发展的物质基础，因此加强对药用资源的研究，合理开发利用和保护，是当前工作的重点。本文初步研究了昆虫纲蜚蠊目昆虫美洲大蠊（Periplaneta Americana L．）的化学成分和双子叶植物虎耳草科植物岩陀（Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl）的化学成分。应用各种正反相硅胶、凝胶等柱色谱，制备色谱，薄层色谱等现代分离纯化手段，分离出15个化合物，采用现代波谱技术鉴定了9个化合物的结构，涉及脂肪酸、异香豆素、黄酮等类型。本工作取得的成果为：1．美洲大蠊的化学成分研究：美洲大蠊（Periplaneta Americana L．）属于昆虫纲蜚蠊目昆虫，别名美产蜚蠊、美洲蜚蠊、红蠊、船蠊、家蜚蠊、油婆、大蜚蠊、蟑螂等。在我国分布于福建、广东、海南、云南、广西、四川等地。在我国古代医书中就有关于美洲大蠊的记载，《神农本草经》中记载“蠊味咸、寒，有毒；治血瘀症、坚寒热、破积聚；用于症瘕积聚，小儿疽积，脚气水肿，疗疮肿毒、蛀虫所伤，生川泽及人家屋间”。大量资料表明，美洲大蠊作为传统中药，具有抗癌、抗艾滋病病毒、增强免疫力等作用。为了弄清楚其有效成分，本实验研究了美洲大蠊（Periplaneta Americana L．）的化学成分，应用正反相硅胶、凝胶等柱层析色谱分离手段，结合薄层色谱鉴定方法，从中分离出6个化合物单体，均为脂肪酸。¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR及DEPT等波谱分析，其中2个鉴定为：7-Hydroxycotadecanoic acid（1），Bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate（6）。同时，实验结果及资料表明，美洲大蠊中含有丰富的脂肪酸。2．岩陀的化学成分研究：岩陀（Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl）为双子叶植物药虎耳草科植物西南鬼灯檠的根茎。主产于陕西、甘肃、宁夏、四川、云南、河南等地。岩陀系云南傈僳族、苗族习用的药物，其性温，味涩，具有活血止痛，散瘀除湿，强筋健骨，清热止咳，解毒等功效。主治跌打损伤，风湿骨痛，劳倦乏力，毒蛇咬伤等。现代药理表明，岩陀在治疗免疫性疾病如肿瘤、哮喘、类风湿性关节炎等方面作用显著。岩白菜素为岩陀主要成分，有止咳作用，《中华人民共和国药典》收为镇咳祛痰药，用于慢性支气管炎。其特点是对咳嗽中枢有选择性抑制作用，不良反应小，且连续使用不产生耐药性，目前已制成片剂用于临床。但是，有关岩陀中其他化学成分研究报道较少，所以本实验的目的是希望能从岩陀中找到新的有效成分。本实验采用了正反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等分离纯化技术，分离得到9个化合物。通过¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR及DEPT等波谱分析对9个化合物中的7个鉴定为：gallic acid（1），11-O-galloylbergenin（2），3，3’，5′，5，7-Pentahydroxuflaven（3），3-O-β-hydroxy-d-8-β-（3，4-dihydroxyphenyl）-penranone（4），3-O-β-hydroxy-d-8-a-（3，4-dihydroxyphenyl）-penranone（5），Rutin（7），Bergenin（9）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Presently ,the development and using of natural product resources as medicines are come to the world’ s attention, more and more natural product resources are needed. Using natural product resources for treating diseases for people’ s health has a long history in China , and it promote the development of Chinese traditional medicine. So, enhancing search these resources would be a essential work to medicinal scientists.This thesis search the chemical compounds of Periplaneta Americana L. and Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl. Many kinds of silical gel and chromatogram were applied to isolate and purify these two grows .Fifteen compounds were isolated from Periplaneta Americana L. and Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl in all, and nine compounds’ structures were elucidated by spectral methods. These structures include fatty acid, cumarin, flavone and so on. The results of this project:1. Chemical constituents from Periplaneta Americana L.Periplaneta Americana L. belonging to Cockroach item,and it has many bynames. Periplaneta Americana L. is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and so on.There are many literatures about the effect of Periplaneta Americana L. In China in history, Periplaneta Americana L. is widely used as antivirus, anticancer and enhance immunity in some minor districts in China. Therefore ,It has been used to cure the bump caused by variety reasons .To comprehensively understand the chemical constituents of Periplaneta Americana L., and to make sure the effective partitions and components as antivirus and anticancer, the chemical investigation on Periplaneta Americana L. is necessary. The project use silical gel and chromatogram as the methods of isolation . Six compounds were isolated from Periplaneta Americana L., their structure were elucidated by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and DEPT spectra method as: 7-Hydroxycotadecanoic acid （compound 1）, Bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate （compound 6） .The result shows that: most compounds in Periplaneta Americana are fatty acids.2. Chemical constituents from Rodgersia sambucifolia HemslRodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl belonging to family Saxifragaceae,is distributed inShanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Henan and so on. Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl is widely used as wound, fracture, bleeding in some minor districts of China. Bergenin which was isolated from the roots of Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl has the antitussive activities, used to cure chronic bronchitis caused by variety reasons ,and pharmacological characteristics of bergenin are selective check to cough centrum with little side effect. And it has been used in clinic. However ,there are little datas about the chemical compounds of Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl which can be used to treatment .To seek for chemical constituents of Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl ,and efficiency using in clinic ,this project also applied silical gel and chromatogram to isolate chemical compounds from Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl .Nine constituents were isolated from the plant ,their structures were elucidated by spectra method as: gallic acid（compound 1） , 11 -O-galloylbergenin（compound 2）, 3,3’ ,5’ ,5,7-Pentahydroxuflaven（compound 3）,3-O- β -hydroxy- δ -8-β -（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-penranone（compound 4）, 3-O- β -hydroxy- δ -8-α -（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-penranone（compound5）,Rutin（compound7）,Bergenin（compound9）.更多还原