宽孔距预裂爆破在三板溪水电站建设中的试验研究

【作者】 王晋；

【导师】 穆大耀； 邬庆生；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，宽孔距的预裂爆破在国内外的大型矿山中已经得到了试验，并且也取得了一定的试验成果，而且大孔径、宽孔距的预裂爆破在矿山中的实际应用是未来的一个发展方向。在水利水电行业中，预裂爆破成为必须进行的保护边坡质量的技术措施，但由于其施工的特殊性，一般采用小孔距的预裂爆破，宽孔距的预裂爆破很少在水电站的建设中得到试验。因此有必要对宽孔距预裂爆破在水电系统中的试验进行深入的研究。本文主要研究了宽孔距预裂爆破的成缝机理、爆破参数理论计算以及现场试验。首先根据爆炸力学、弹性力学、断裂力学和岩体力学的一般理论和研究成果，对预裂爆破的成缝机理过程进行了理论分析，推导出了预裂爆破设计的基本参数计算公式；然后根据岩石的一些物理力学参数，计算出本工程中的预裂爆破参数选取范围；最后对所选取的预裂爆破的基本参数进行现场试验。根据地质条件及爆破效果，确定出了适合于本工程的预裂爆破参数，并提供了合理的预裂爆破的施工工艺，以得到最佳的预裂爆破效果。以三板溪水电站八洋河料场的预裂爆破为背景，对宽孔距的预裂爆破进行了试验研究。首先，根据对预裂爆破理论的研究设计出四种不同的试验方案。然后，对设计方案进行现场试验，并对钻孔、装药等关键技术进行了研究和试验。最后，对使用宽孔距的预裂爆破所产生的经济、社会效应进行了评价。本工程的宽孔距预裂爆破的试验成功，在水利水电行业中写下了光辉的一页，对类似的工程具有借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes already obtained the experiment in the domestic and foreign large-scale mines, and has also yielded certain experimental results, moreover the pre-splitting blasting with big aperture, the width pitch of holes was a future development direction to practical application in the mine. In the water conservation and water electricity profession, the pre-splitting blasting which must carry on to protect the quality of side slope as technical measure, but as a result of its construction particularity, uses generally the pre-splitting blasting with small pitch of holes, the pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes is short very much to obtain the experiment in the hydroelectric power station construction. Therefore it was necessary to conduct the experiment research of the pre-splitting with wide pitch of holes blasting in the water and electricity system.This article mainly studied the cracking mechanism of pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes, the theoretical calculation of blasting parameter and the field test. First, by the theoretical analysis of the process of cracking mechanism of pre-splitting blasting based on the basic theories research outcomes of blasting mechanics, the elastics mechanics, fracture mechanics and rock mechanics, a basic calculation formula for the parameters of the pre-splitting blasting designing has been established. Then, based on some physical mechanics parameter of rock, the selection range of the parameters of the pre-splitting blasting in the project is obtained. Finally, the field test was carried on based on basic parameter of pre-splitting blasting which was selected. According to the analysis of special geological condition and the blasting effect, the pre-splitting blasting parameters applicable to the project weredecided. The best pre-splitting blasting effect were obtained by the reasonable pre-splitting blasting construction craft and parameters.The author did the experimental study to the pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes which based on the pre-splitting blasting of BaYangHe materials yard of SanBanXi power station. First, the author designed four kind of different experimental plans according to the theory of the pre-splitting blasting. Then, the field test were carried on according to the designed proposal, and the research and the experiment of the key technologies as the drill hole, the powder charge structure and so on had been conducted. Finally, the economy, the social effect were used to appraise the pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes. The successful experiments of pre-splitting blasting with wide pitch of holes, has written down a glory page in the water conservation and water electricity profession. It can be referred to use in similar the project.更多还原