【作者】 胡建琦；

【导师】 孙新宪；

【作者基本信息】 中国民航大学 ， 企业管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 对机场的运营进行科学合理的补贴,从而既保证机场普遍服务的实现,又充分调动各方积极性,是实现我国民航机场快速、健康与可持续发展的重要条件之一。本文从经济学的角度对机场亏损的原因进行分析,指出了机场作为一种公共品具有着外部性,为了保证普遍服务的实现,就会导致亏损的出现,因而,政府就需要考虑机场普遍服务所产生的正的外部效应,对这部分亏损进行补贴。本文对机场补贴过程中可能出现的委托代理问题进行了分析,提出了减少机场补贴过程中委托代理问题的两种方法:对不同生产效率的机场给予不同形式的补贴和引入信用评级机制。本文对美国、加拿大、日本和欧洲等发达国家民航机场的补贴情况和国内外铁路、城市公共交通、港口、邮政和电信等相似行业的财政补贴情况进行了介绍,对我国现行民用机场运营补贴政策和补贴情况进行了分析,并指出了其存在的问题。在此基础上,本文设计了五种不同的民用机场运营补贴方案。方案一是根据机场提供的普遍服务水平来确定补贴的金额;方案二是边际收益与边际成本平衡法;方案三是确立合理的机场规模,实现成本与收入平衡法;方案四是确立合理的机场经营效率,补贴非效率因素引起的经营成本;方案五是综合方案,该方案考虑了机场的不同特征,通过对机场进行分类,针对不同类别机场使用不同的补贴方法,并在此基础上以机场运营效率为调整系数对计算得出的应补贴额进行调整。最后,本文以方案五——综合方案为例,运用统计学、计量经济学等方法对全国64个机场2005年的应补贴额进行了测算。在测算过程中,本文首先使用聚类分析将全国92个机场分为经营性机场和公益性机场两类,并按照机场自身条件和发展状况对每一类机场进行了再分类,将经营性机场分为3类,将公益性机场分为5类;针对不同类别的机场使用不同方法对这些机场2005年的应补贴额进行了计算;在此基础上,计算了这些机场2005年的DEA效率,并使用DEA效率做为调整系数,对计算得出的应补贴额进行了调整。更多还原

【Abstract】 The airport operating-subsidy guarantees the supplement of the universal services of airports, and can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. It is important to subsidize the airports properly to achieve rapid, healthy and sustainable development of our civil airports.This paper analyzes the reasons why airports lose by using the economic theories. It points out that in order to supply sufficient universal services, airports will lose inevitably because they are public goods and they have external effects. So the governments must consider their external effects and give them the necessary subsidies. This paper also analyzes the‘principal-agent problem’that may appear in the course of subsidizing, and gives two solutions: first, to consider the operating efficiency of the airports and second, to establish the credit rating mechanisms.This paper describes the foreign countries’airport operating-subsidy policies, such as US, Canada, Japan and EU, and also introduces the subsidy policies of other industries, just as railway, port, post and telecom.After analyzing the current airport operating-subsidy policy of our country and its deficiencies, this paper gives five different programs of subsidizing the airports. ProgramⅠis to calculate the subsidy amounts according to the level of universal service which the airports supply. ProgramⅡis to ensure that the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. ProgramⅢis to set a reasonable airport scale and to ensure that the cost is equal to the revenue. ProgramⅣis to set a reasonable operating efficiency and to subsidize the cost that was not caused by the efficiency. ProgramⅤis an integrated program. It considers the characteristics of different airports and it needs to classify the airports. After calculating the subsidy amounts of different airports by using different methods, it needs to adjust the amount according to their operating efficiencies.Finally, in order to illustrate the programⅤ, the author calculates the subsidy amounts of 2005 of the 64 airports by using the statistic methods and econometrics methods. First, the author divides the 92 airports into two categories-the profit airports and the nonprofit airports, then divides the profit airports into 3 categories and divides the nonprofit airports into 5 categories according to their conditions and their development. Second, the author calculates their subsidy amounts by using different methods. Last, the author calculates their DEA efficiencies of 2005 to adjust their subsidy amounts.更多还原