【作者】 夏泽坤；

【导师】 吕晓龙；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了除去血液中的有害物质和水分，并调节人体电解质，对于肾功能衰竭的患者需要使用中空纤维膜型人工透析器，在血液透析时，由于血液中含有血球、蛋白等成分，容易导致膜通量下降，寻求一种不易于吸附蛋白、在膜表面不易于形成凝聚蛋白层、膜表面光滑的新型透析膜是今后研究的主要方向。目前，透析膜材料种类推陈出新，但在去除β₂^-微球蛋白及生物相容性方面尚存在缺陷。本实验重点对聚醚砜膜材料的结构性能和透析性能进行研究。本文采用干—湿法纺丝工艺纺制聚醚砜中空纤维透析膜，研究不同壁厚和内径中空纤维膜的结构及所研制出的透析器的透析性能，从而确定最佳的纺丝工艺；研究透析膜面积、模拟液和透析液流速及溶质浓度梯度对膜透析性能的影响，进而确定最佳的透析条件。把处理后的中空纤维膜浇铸成小组件，用实验室自制的装置，测试膜的纯水通量、破裂压力、拉伸伸长率、拉断强力。采用离心浇铸法将中空纤维膜封装成透析器，用溶菌酶代替β₂^-微球蛋白，用牛血清白蛋白代替人血清白蛋白，制备由纯水、尿素、溶菌酶和牛血清白蛋白构成的模拟液，用此模拟液来代替患者血液，对本文研制的聚醚砜中空纤维膜透析器的透析性能进行评价。结果表明，添加剂聚乙二醇含量为27.6wt％时，膜的机械性能比较好。不同壁厚中空纤维膜透析器对模拟液中尿素的清除率均可达到64％以上，且差异不大，对牛血清白蛋白的截留率均可达到98％以上，对溶菌酶的清除率有一定的差异，壁厚越小清除率越高，壁厚为10μm的膜对溶菌酶的清除率为29％；不同纤维内径透析器对尿素的清除率均在80％左右，纤维内径为0.26mm的透析器对尿素的清除率最高，达到88.6％，对溶菌酶的清除率差别很大，内径越小，清除率越高，内径为0.26mm的透析器对溶菌酶的清除率达到62.8％，对牛血清白蛋白的截留影响很小，截留率都能达到98％以上。增加透析膜面积、提高模拟液和透析液流速、增大溶质浓度梯度都可以提高溶菌酶和尿素的清除率，对牛血清白蛋白的截留几乎没有影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some patients with renal dysfunction often need hollow fiber membrane artificial dialyzer get rid of the harmful substances and water in blood, and adjust human body electrolyte. During the hemodialysis, blood corpuscle and albumen in the blood easily bring in descending membrane flux, and so in future the main researched orientation is to find a new type dialyze membrane ,which is not prone to adsorb albumen and form congregating albumen layer, and have a smooth membrane surface. Nonce materials of dialyzing membrane are getting rid of the stale and bringing forth the fresh, yet the removal of β₂-MG and biocompatibility still have shortcomings. This study focuses on the configuration performance and dialyze performance of polyethersulfone （PES） membrane material.In this paper, dry-wet spinning process is used for spinning PES hollow fiber dialysis membrane, and the structures of different thickness and diameter of the hollow fiber membrane and the dialysis performance of the developed dialyzer are researched, so as to determine the best spinning process; Area of the dialysis membrane and analysis solution and simulation solution flow and solute concentration gradient of liquid are also researched which affect on membrane dialysis performance, and then determine the optimal conditions for dialysis.The dealed hollow fiber membranes are cast into group pieces, and test the water flux, breach pressure, elongation, and break press using laboratory-made devices. Using centrifugal casting method, hollow fiber membrane is encapsulated into dialyzers, and prepared by the water, urea, Lysozyme and BSA simulated liquid form, which uses Lysozyme instead of β₂-MG, BSA instead of human serum albumin. In this paper, the simulation solution is used to evaluate dialysis performance of PES hollow fiber membrane dialyzers.The results showed that the addition of PEG additive to 27.6%, the mechanical properties of membranes is better. As hollow fiber membranes thickness are different, yet urea clearance rate in simulation solution is relatively high, which can reach more than 64% and little difference among them; the BSA have a relatively high rejection, which can be achieved over 98%. There is a certain difference in the Lysozyme clearance rate, the smaller thickness, the higher the rate of removal, and the removal rate of 10μm thickness of the membrane is 29%. The clearance rates of urea were very high using different fiber diameter dialyzers, at around 80%. Urea clearance ratecan reach to the highest 88.6% using 0.26mm fiber diameter dialyzer. The clearance rates of Lysozyme vary greatly, the smaller the diameter, the higher clearance rate, and the highest removal rate of lysozyme is 62.79% using 0.26mm fiber diameter dialyzer. However, there is little impact on the rejection of BSA, which can reach 98%. Increasing dialysis membrane area and enhancing the flow of simulation solution and dialysis solution, and improving solute concentration gradient can increase the clearance rate of urea and Lysozyme, but little affect the rejection of BSA.更多还原