染色废水的回用及其影响因素研究

【作者】 葛晓青；

【导师】 董永春；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 印染废水回用技术是一种新兴的环保技术，其在环保、降低生产成本和节水方面正发挥着十分重要的作用。随着排放标准的日趋严格和自来水费的不断上涨，印染企业越来越重视清洁生产，印染废水的回用也逐渐引起了人们的重视。本文分别以中温型活性染料（如活性红MS、活性黄MS和活性蓝B）和强酸性染料（如酸性大红G、酸性嫩黄2G和酸性黑10B）为研究对象，以自来水为介质分别对棉织物和羊毛织物进行染色，并分类收集染色废水，然后利用草酸盐络合物/过氧化氢光催化氧化体系对废水脱色降解处理，并得到回用水，将回用水重新用于上述两类染料的染色过程中。在对回用水进行表征和确定了染色工艺参数对染色的影响程度的基础上，分别以染色织物的K/S曲线、颜色特征值（总色差DE^*）和染料的上染速率曲线为主要评价指标，重点考察了回用水中无机盐和有机组分对染料染色性能的影响。在以回用水为介质的染色过程中，根据回用水中无机盐的含量调整染色工艺参数进行染色，并将得到的回用水染色织物与自来水染色试样进行比较，最后，还探讨了使用回用水进行循环染色的可能性。结果表明，回用水Ⅰ和回用水Ⅱ分别含有11g/L和3g/L无机盐，回用水Ⅰ中有机物含量非常小，远远低于回用水Ⅱ的。而对于回用水Ⅲ，不论有机组分还是无机组分均较少。就活性染料而言，无机盐（氯化钠）对染色影响最显著，随着染浴中无机盐浓度的增加，染色织物的K/S曲线逐渐增大，当无机盐浓度在20-50g/L之间时，染色织物最大吸收波长处的K/S值(即K/S_λmax)与无机盐浓度之间呈线性正相关性。在对回用水进行应用时，染色织物的K/S_λmax与无机盐浓度之间的关系与其在自来水中相一致，但是无机盐浓度对染色织物K/S_λmax的影响程度依回用水种类而异。当调整染浴中无机盐浓度为40g/L（常规染色浓度）时，回用水染色织物与自来水染色试样相比，两者的K/S曲线很接近，总色差DE^*一般都小于1.5。三种活性染料在回用水Ⅰ和自来水中的上染曲线和固色曲线相似。最终回用水Ⅰ可以实现三次循环回用。回用水Ⅰ中11g/L无机盐也得到了利用。就酸性染料而言，无机盐（硫酸钠）对染色的影响非常显著，回用水Ⅲ可通过与自来水混合的方法来调整无机盐浓度到2g/L（常规染色浓度），其染色织物与自来水染色试样相比，它们的K/S曲线均相近，总色差DE^*也小于1.5。三种酸性染料在混合水中的上染速率曲线也与自来水中的基本吻合，最终上染率也趋于一致。最终实现了回用水Ⅲ的四次循环利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The recycling of dyeing wastewater is a developing technology concerning environmental issues and textile industry. This technology is playing a very important role in saving water and environmental protection in recent years. As increasing limitation of discharge and enhanced on the cost of tap water charge, dyeing corporation attach more and more importance to cleaning production, so people regard the reuse of dyeing wastewater more highly. The mid-temperature reactive dyes, including Reactive Red MS, Reactive Yellow MS and Reactive Blue B, and acid dyes, including Acid Red G, Acid Light Yellow 2G and Acid Black 10B, were selected, and used for dyeing cotton fabric and wool fabric, respectively. The exhaustion process of two fabrics mentioned above was carried out in tap water, then the dyeing effluence were classified and collected after dyeing. The dyeing effluence were degraded by oxidation technique of ferrous oxalate complex/H₂O₂ photo-catalytic, then the treated effluence （called reuse water, including reuse waterI , reuse water II and reuse water III） were obtained and used in dyeing process above again. Reuse water were characterized and effecting degree of dyeing parameters were determined. The coloration of the fabrics was investigated with respect to K/S curve and color characteristics （total color difference DE^*） of dyed fabric and take-up rate curve of dyes. Moreover, a few factors effecting dyeing using reuse water as the dyeing medium including inorganic salt and organic component in reuse water were examined. The dyeing parameters were adjusted according to content of inorganic salt in reuse water, and dyeing were carried out using reuse water as the dyeing medium. Then comparison between.dyed fabrics and fabrics dyed in tap water （called fabric I ）were made. Finally, the possibility of recycling dyeing effluence for coloration of the fabric was investigated.The results indicated that there are 11 g/L and 3 g/L inorganic salt in reuse waterI and reuse water II, respectively. And reuse water III has little inorganic salt. Reuse water I and reuse water III have very lower organic substance than reuse water II. Coloration of cotton fabric with reactive dyes, the effecting of inorganic salt （sodium chloride） to dyeing was improved significantly. Increasing concentration of inorganic salt led to increasing K/S value of dyed fabric. When concentration of inorganic salt was changed between 20-50 g/L, there was a proportional relationshipbetween K/S value in the maximal wavelength(called K/S_λmax) of dyed fabric and concentration of inorganic salt. When reuse water was used as the dyeing medium, it is found that there was a similar proportional relationship between K/S_{λ max} and concentration of inorganic salt concentration. When the concentration of inorganic salt in reuse water was adjusted to 40g/L（routine dyeing content）, K/S curves of reuse water fabric was similar to that of fabric I, and DE^* were less than 1.5. The exhaustion curves and fixation curves of three reactive dyes between reuse water and tap water were similar. Finally, recycle dyeing was carried out using reuse water I for three times. Inorganic salt of reuse water I was served as dyeing promoter. Coloration of wool fabric with acid dyes, the effecting of inorganic salt （sodium sulfate） to dyeing was improved significantly. The concentration of inorganic salt in reuse water III was adjusted to 2 g/L（routine dyeing concentration） by the way of mixing reuse water III and tap water. To compare with tap water dyed fabrics, K/S curves of reuse water dyed fabrics were similar to that of fabric I , and DE^* were less than 1.5. The exhaustion curves and fixation curves of three acid dyes between reuse water and tap water were accordant, and final uptakes in the two dyeing mediums were near. Finally, recycle dyeing was carried out using reuse water III for three times.更多还原