社会资本理论的唯物史观研究

【作者】 田丽梅；

【导师】 宫玉宽；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 社会资本概念提出的时间虽然不过20多年，但由于它对现实生活具有强大的解释力，因而受到了社会科学各学科的高度关注，并形成了十分丰富的理论成果。综合国内外学者对社会资本理论的研究情况来看，从总体上，这一理论研究仍然处于很不成熟的阶段，大多处于理论假设、实证调查、经验分析、得出结论的状况，存在着理论层次仍然较低的情况，缺少对社会资本问题的一般性、系统性、理论性的哲学分析。因此有必要对社会资本理论从哲学角度，尤其是马克思唯物史观角度进行研究。其理论意义在于：一是可以为研究社会资本理论提供哲学的视角、观点和方法，推动社会资本理论的创新与发展；二是有利于结合时代的新特点深化历史唯物主义的基本原理的研究，推动马克思唯物史观的丰富和发展；三是通过从唯物史观角度研究社会资本理论，有助于促进中国传统文化的现代价值的研究。其现实意义在于：从唯物史观角度研究社会资本理论，对我国转型期的和谐社会建设、社会主义市场经济的发展、社会主义新农村建设等等都具有指导意义。社会资本理论内容涉及社会学、经济学、政治学的多学科领域，本文在试图从唯物史观角度对其进行分析的过程中，既间接引用实证材料及结论对理论进行分析，又从动态角度考察其历史发展和从静态角度对其丰富的内涵加以概括总结；既从微观角度分析其运作过程，又从宏观角度探讨其现实意义，因此，涉及到的研究方法主要包括：理论与实践相结合的方法、动态与静态相结合的方法、微观与宏观相结合的方法、马克思主义实践论和人学研究方法，核心是马克思的社会关系理论。论文第一章首先考察了社会资本的研究现状，提出了本文唯物史观研究的角度。社会资本是从人的社会关系角度进行研究的，从本质上是社会关系的结构和功能。社会关系理论为社会资本研究提供了出发点和方法论：一方面，在社会资本的概念界定上，应该从宏观上把社会网络、社会资源等概念联系起来，它是一种特殊形态的资本。另一方面，社会关系理论为研究社会资本的本质和属性提供了研究的基点。而社会资本理论研究又深化了对人的本质和社会关系的理论研究。本文第二章对社会资本的内涵加以概括总结，在学理分析的基础上探讨其现实意义。社会资本概念应该与社会网络、社会资源等概念联系起来，是一种特殊形态的资本。作为资本，就必然具有生产性、增殖性和风险性。因而，社会资本对其使用者而言具有或好或坏的影响。社会资本还应该与特定群体或社会的历史文化背景联系起来，应特别注意文化和地域特殊性，了解在不同群体或社会中社会资本的构成方式和运行方式。基于上述认识，社会资本不妨这样理解：社会资本，是以特定的历史文化传统、价值观念和行为方式为背景，在整合社会网络结构中的资源实现目标的过程中，主体通过与对象交往联系形成的相互信任、合作关系，获得额外收益的各种社会关系。其中主体包括个体、群体和社会。本文第三章考察了社会资本的实践本质和主体属性。历史唯物主义视域中的社会资本是在交往实践中产生的。交往实践的重要社会功能，就是既体现和维护一定的社会资本，又推动和实现一定的社会资本的改变。社会资本生产是社会生产的一种形式，它具有现实的客观性，是社会生产的一般性和特殊性的统一。任何社会资本的生产力，都只有同相应的社会资本生产的“生产关系”相结合，才能形成现实的生产社会资本的“生产方式”，从而生产出一定的社会资本，社会资本生产与其他形式的社会生产既对立又统一。进一步说，社会资本具有结构性，它并非是一个不可移易的实体，具有再生性和结构转换性的特点。为了避免物化或异化，社会资本应是一种总体性存在，并朝着以人为本的主体指向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The social capital concept has been proposed not More than 20 years, but it has received the high attention by the various disciplines of the social sciences and has formed the extremely rich theory achievement because it has the formidable explanation strength to the real life. Generally speaking, this fundamental research still remains at an immature stage, looking to the social capital theory research situation by synthesizing the domestic and foreign scholars. The social capital researches are mostly in the stages of the theory supposition, the real diagnosis investigation, the experience analyzes, and drawing the conclusion, are still in the low levels and lacks the philosophy analysis which has the characteristic of generality, systematism, and theorization. Therefore it has the necessity to analysis the social capital from a philosophical perspective, especially from the Marxist historical materialism perspective.Its theory significance lies in: First, it may promote the innovation and development of social capital theory by providing the philosophical perspective, viewpoints and methods for the social capital theory research. Second, it promotes the enrichment and development of Marxist historical materialism by deepening the basic tenets of historical materialism in light of the new features of the time. Third, it’s helpful in promoting the modern value of traditional Chinese culture throughresearching the social capital theory from the historical materialism perspective.Its practical significance lies in: it all has the guiding sense to the construction of the harmonious society, the socialist market economy development, the construction of socialism new countryside and so on from the historical materialism angle research social capital theory.The social capital theory involves the sociological, economic, politics multi-disciplinary domains. This article attempts to carry on the analysis to the social capital theory from the historical materialism perspective .In the process, it not only quotes the real diagnosis material and the conclusion indirectly, but also inspects its historical development from the dynamic perspective and summarizes its rich connotation from the static perspective; it not only analyzes its operation process from the microscopic perspective, and discusses its practical significance from the macroscopic perspective.Therefore, the research techniques in the article mainly involve: The method of unifying the theory and the practice; the method of the combination of dynamic and static; the method of the combination of the microscopic and macroscopic states; the method of the Marxism On Practice and the human study research technique; the core of these methods is the theory of the social relations .The first chapter of the paper inspected the present situation of thesocial capital research firstly, and then proposed the historical materialism research perspective. The social capital essentially is the structure and the function of the social relations, researching from human’s social relations perspective. The social relations theory has provided the starting point and the methodology for the social capital research: On the one hand, in limiting the social capital concept, it’s a special form of capital and it should integrate such concepts as social network, social resources from the macroscopical perspective. On the other hand, the social relations theory has provided the research basic point for the research of the essence and the attribute of the social capital. Furthermore, the fundamental research of the social capital deepens the fundamental research about the human’s essence and the social relations.The second chapter summarizes the connotation of the social capital, and discusses its practical significance in the foundation of the scientific theory analysis. It’s a special form of capital and it should be based on such concepts as social network, social resources. As the capital, it is inevitably have the characteristics of increment, productiveness, and venture. Therefore, the social capital has either good or bad influence to its user. The social capital also should relates with the specific community or societal history cultural contexts, especially paying attention to the culture and the region and understanding the constitution way and movement way of the social capital in different community or society.Based on the above understanding, the social capital may be interpreted in this way: The Social capitals, are these kinds of social relations by which the subject, which include the individual, group and society, taking the traditions of history and culture, the values and the modes of behavior as the backdrop, integrates the resources of network in the structure of community and contacts with the objects to form the mutual trust and cooperation, and then to achieve the goal, especially to achieve the additional proceeds.The third chapter of this paper inspected the practice essence and the main body attribute of the social capital. The social capital is produced in the contact practice in the sight of the historical materialism. The important social function of the intercourse practice is both manifests or maintains a certain social capitals, and impetus and realizes their change. The production of the social capital is one form of the social productions, it has the objectivity and is the unification of generality and the particularity of the social production. Any social capital productivity, only corresponding with the productive relations of the social capital production, can form the productive methods that produce the social capital; it thus produces certain social capital and then the social capital production both opposes other form social productions and unifies them.Further said that, the social capital is structural, it is the conversion of renewable and structural characteristics instead of an indispensableentity. In order to avoid materialized or the dissimilation, the social capital should be a general existence, and develop toward the humanist direction.更多还原