共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势的影响研究

【作者】 胡松翠；

【导师】 吴晓波；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 企业管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济全球化程度的加深，产业集群以其在拉动区域经济增长中的重要作用日益受到国内外学者的广泛关注。然而，考察大量关于产业集群的研究工作发现：一方面，目前学者多数聚焦于集群竞争优势培育的研究，而这些研究中往往忽视对集群及其内部企业竞争优势培育过程中风险要素的形成进行理论阐述；另一方面，在仅有的为数不多的关于集群风险成因的研究中，学者们又拘泥于从集群整体风险成因出发，因而无法切实有效地指导实践操作。本文基于战略观的核心刚性理论分析框架衍生出集群企业的共享性资源刚性观，通过明晰共享性资源、共享性资源刚性及集群企业竞争优势三者之间的关系，从实证研究角度验证了共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势的作用机制，试图突破当前将集群整体作为基本分析单元的“就集群而论集群”的传统研究方式，从共享性资源刚性观出发，透析产业集群的微观基础——集群企业的风险成因。基于以上研究论证工作，本文得出如下主要结论：(1)提出了共享性资源刚性理论。以往学者关于集群共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势作用机制的研究没有将共享性资源刚性纳入其作用机制框架。本文的实证研究验证了共享性资源刚性的存在性，因此反映出以往共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势作用机制的研究所存在的不足；(2)共享性资源通过对共享性资源刚性的直接正向作用，间接负向作用于集群企业竞争优势。本文的实证研究论证了共享性资源、共享性资源刚性及集群企业竞争优势之间的作用机制，随着外界环境变化和产业集群发展，作为集群企业增强自身获取李嘉图租金能力的集群共享性资源会形成共享性资源刚性，从而削弱集群企业的竞争优势水平；(3)集群共享性资源和集群企业竞争优势之间不一定存在显著相关关系。对本研究样本数据进行分析的结果表明，共享性资源和集群企业竞争优势之间并不具有显著的相关关系。共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势不仅具有正向作用，还可以通过共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势产生负向作用，因此，集群企业竞争优势水平是共享性资源对其多种路径共同作用的结果；(4)共享性资源刚性可以分解出各种不同类别的具体刚性要素，不同的刚性要素对集群企业竞争优势产生作用的路径不同。通过初始模型拟合表明，集群企业心智模式封闭性这一共享性资源刚性要素对集群企业竞争优势的影响不显著，而其他两项资源刚性要素与集群企业竞争优势间存在显著负相关。最后，本文从多种角度提出了超越集群共享性资源刚性的路径方法，从集群企业层面去防范风险要素，以提升集群企业及集群整体竞争力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the deepening of economic globalization, industrial clusters attract more and more researchers’ attention from all over the world, owing to their significant effects in promoting regional economic growth. In spite of the great number of studies and theoretical propositions in this field, most of them focus on how to cultivate the cluster competitiveness. Little effort has been devoted to the research on why and how clusters form the risk during the cultivation of their competitiveness. Also, the limited studies on the cluster risk are always from the perspective of the whole risk of the cluster, providing no effective guide for the real-life practices of enhancing the competitive advantage of the cluster.Based on the core rigidity theory, this paper proposes the rigidity of the shared resource. By clearing about the relationship of the shared resource, the rigidity of shared resources and the competitive advantage of firms in cluster, this paper discusses the mechanism of the rigidity of shared resource effecting on the firm in cluster. In addition, this study breaks through the traditional research approach of taking the industrial cluster as one analytical unit when researching the cluster risk, and shifts the research focus from the whole industrial cluster to the microcosmic level of firms in cluster. Based on the research work, some conclusions can be achieved as follows:1) Testify the existence of the rigidity of shared resources. The method which is applied to research the mechanism of the shared resource acting on the competitive advantages of the firm in the cluster does not include the rigidity of shared resources. By statistical analysis, this paper testifies the existence of the rigidity of shared resources and the relationship of the rigidity of shared resources and the competitive advantage of firms in cluster. So, this paper exposes a limitation in the method of researching the mechanism of the shared resource acting on the competitive advantages of the firm in the cluster.2) The shared resource could be through the transfer of rigidity of the shared resource and then weaken the competitive advantages of firms in cluster. The paper testifies the mechanism of the rigidity of shared resources acting on the competitive advantages of firms in cluster. With the change of the environment and the development of clusters, shared resources, which is regarded as the root of Richard rents, may form the rigidity, and then weaken the competitive advantage of firms in cluster.3) The correlation between the shared resource and the competitive advantage of firms in cluster is not always significant. The statistical analysis of the samples collected in this study shows that the correlation between these two items is not significant, which is opposite to previous research conclusion. The shared resource not only has significant positive impact on the competitive advantages of the firm in the cluster, but also has indirect negative impact on the competitive advantages of firms in cluster. The mechanism of the shared resource acting on the competitive advantages of the firm in the cluster is complicated.4) The rigidity of shared resource can be reified to different kinds of rigidities, and different kinds of rigidities have different modes of effecting on the competitive advantages of firms in cluster. The modification of the model shows the closed mental models of firms in cluster does not has significant impact on the competitiveness of firms in cluster, while the other two rigidities has significant impact on the competitiveness of firms in cluster.At last, this paper indicates some new advisements begotten by the mechanism which found by this study to the practice of surmounting the rigidity of shared resources, avoiding the risk of firms in the cluster, and finally enhancing the whole competitiveness of industrial clusters.更多还原