【作者】 雷鸣；

【导师】 万德立；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着石油工业的发展,石油长输管线在大量增加。长输埋地管线长年埋置地下,不可避免地遭受腐蚀。特别是随着埋地管线服役时间的增加,管线腐蚀情况越来越严重,这给管线运营管理部门的安全生产和经济效益带来严重的影响。开展埋地长输腐蚀管线的安全性评价和剩余寿命预测评估,对于提高对长输管线事故及其隐患区段的预测能力,实施管线运行可靠性管理和推行预知性维修决策具有十分重要的意义。本论文在广泛收集国内外资料和现场调研的基础上,针对长输管线的实际工作情况,对长输管线的腐蚀特点、腐蚀类型、腐蚀因素及腐蚀机理进行了全面的分析。阐述了剩余寿命预测的基本思路、影响寿命预测的关键问题以及预测的重点和处理方法。论文的研究目的是解决埋地输油管线腐蚀剩余寿命的定量预测评估。文中对于长输管线剩余寿命预测相关的强度问题进行了分析,确定了长输管线沿线内压的分布,在此基础上提出了基于B31G标准的腐蚀缺陷极限尺寸确定办法;针对油田现场所获得的数据情况建立了基于多次历史检测数据和单次检测数据的寿命预测方法;对于长输输油管道,其失效多由管体外部腐蚀造成,其主要机理是土壤的电化学腐蚀,论文根据管线失效的特点可把腐蚀缺陷分为大面积均匀腐蚀、局部腐蚀和点腐蚀三大类,以电化学理论为基础,分别对三种腐蚀形态的土壤电化学腐蚀模型进行详细推导;将腐蚀缺陷极限尺寸模型与腐蚀速率模型相结合,建立了管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测模型;在役输油管道的剩余寿命预测工程实际上是一个涵盖油田管道在线检测、安全状况评价、剩余寿命预测的一个系统工程,论文立足于油田实际,并基于相关标准和规范,制定了埋地长输管线剩余寿命评估方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of oil industry, the length of pipeline is increasing at a great speed.. Pipelines are buried underground for decades, they can unavoidably be corroded due to the corrosive environments around them. This problem becomes worse in pipelines that have a long serving time. The corrosion of pipeline has a great effect on the safety and economic benefits of pipeline administrators. Launching a research of the remaining life of corrosive pipeline will improve the ability to predict the potential dangerous sections, which is meaningful to reliable management and taking predictable maintenance measures of pipeline.Based on extensive collecting information and investigation in oil field, the writer analyses the corrosion types, mechanisms and crrosion effect factors of long-distance transportation pipeline.The basic thought of predicting the remaining life of pipeline, key points that affect the prediction, the emphasis should be laid during prediction and predicting solutions are described.The destination of this study is to solve the quantitative assessment of buried oil-pipeline corrosion residual life.The strength problem related to the prediction of pipeline remaining life is anlysed. This paper analyses the internal pressure along oil-pipiline,and from the explosion equation in B31G, the limit size model of corrosion defects is established;The prediction meas of residul life for many historical inspection data and single inspetion data are offered;The failure of long distance oil-pipeline is maily caused by the corrotin of outer wall,soil electrochemistry erode is the primary mechanism.Corrion defects are classified as three types:general corrosion,local corrosion and piting corrosion, rate of electrochemical corrosion of soil is derived respectively;The residual life prediction model is established on the corrosion rate model and limit size model of corrosion defects;The prediction of long distance oil-pipeline residual life is a system engineering actually,which covers detection ,safety evaluation and residual life assessment,this paper gives a residual life assessment project of buried oil-pipeline wich is based on relating criterions and standards.更多还原