【作者】 王新苗；

【导师】 王宝辉；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 甲醛是一种原生质毒物,毒性较大,具有潜在的致癌性。由于现代建筑和装饰行业中大量使用含有甲醛的建筑和装饰材料,使得甲醛成为室内空气中主要污染物之一,因此对甲醛的检测具有十分重要的意义。传统的检测方法大都需要先在现场采样,再回实验室分析,分析周期长,成本高,步骤繁琐,不能实时地反映室内空气甲醛污染的状况及满足现场大批测点的监测需求。另一方面,目前出现一些新型甲醛检测仪器,此类仪器以进口仪器为主,需要动力、价格昂贵、维护成本高,不适合普通人群使用。本论文基于分子扩散和化学吸收的原理,研制出一种无动力甲醛检测器,其集采样和分析于一身,很好的解决了现有检测方法中存在的问题。通过对无动力气体检测技术进行理论研究,建立了被测气体浓度、扩散时间和变色长度之间关系的数学模型;系统地对与甲醛有特效反应的各显色体系进行考察,确定有机胺盐-指示剂体系作为本检测器的显示剂,并确定其配方;选择了合适的载体和界面改进剂;考察了操作条件对甲醛检测效果的影响,同时对检测器的各项性能进行测试。研究结果表明,无动力甲醛检测器的灵敏度为0.1mg/m(38h检测时间);检测范围定为0.1～10.0mg/m~3;当甲醛浓度大于1.0mg/m3时,相对标准偏差不超过10%;在室内环境中使用,几乎不受干扰。应用其进行现场测试,测定结果同国家标准检测方法相比较,相对误差不超过10%。本论文所研制的无动力甲醛检测器具有无需动力、结构简单、使用方便、准确度高、检测费用低等特点,并且可以实现全天、连续、多点监测,尤其适合普通人群日常检测使用。该产品的研制将会获得较好的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Formaldehyde is a bioplasm poison, whose toxicity is relatively high and potential carcinogen. Due to extensive use of formaldehyde-containing materials in modern building and furniture, it has become to one of the main indoor airborne contaminations. Consequently, a significance of determination of formaldehyde is imposed in many areas. What is characteristic of the conventional methods is that they require first collection of gas specimen and then analysis them at laboratory. The disadvantages include that the analytic period is long, the cost is high, the process is complicated, and the results can not reflect the situation of real-time formaldehyde pollution. In addition, a lot of imported formaldehyde detectors are in operation with high cost and required power. However, the popular needs for monitoring formaldehyde are not filled.In this paper, a passive detector of formaldehyde was developed based on the principle of the gas molecular diffusion and chemical absorption. Through the fundamental research on the passive gas measuration technology, the mathematical model of the detector was established, and the gas concentration and detecting factor were related. The sensitivity of the colorimetric system was evaluated, which has the special reaction with formaldehyde. The indicator optimally combined with organic amic salt shows preferable colorimetric display. The appropriate carrier and surface-improving reagent was probed. The influences of various conditions on indicating factors were investigated and the optimal conditions were ascertained. The results provide that the detection limit for formaldehyde is 0.1mg/m3 based on eight hours of sampling. The measure range is from 0.1mg/m3 to 10.0mg/m3. When the concentration of formaldehyde exceeds 1.0mg/m3, the relative standard deviation is below 10 percent. The coexisted gas don’t interfere the detection in indoor environment at all. The method was used for determining the concentrations of formaldehyde in working and living rooms, which the relative error is below 10 percent compared with the national standard method.A novel detector for formaldehyde based on passive sampling was been developed. This detector has the merits of structural simple, easy operation and high accuracy. The low cost can be in supermarket sale. This detector can realize the continuous monitor and multi-spots monitor, especially suitable to the working and living rooms for daily monitoring. The development will be able to obtain the high economic and social benefits.更多还原