【作者】 杨光；

【导师】 田宏； 高永庭；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳航空工业学院 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，地下大空间建筑(如地铁车站、地下商场等)迅速增加，这为火灾防治工作带来了新的挑战。由于地下大空间建筑结构形式特殊，其火灾特点与普通建筑及其他地下建筑有着很大差别。鉴于现有的防火设计规范对地下建筑防排烟的规定存在着许多不足之处，有必要对地下大空间建筑进行火灾烟气运移规律的模拟研究。 本课题的研究重点是利用火灾动态模拟软件FDS研究不同火源位置以及防排烟系统设置条件对地下大空间建筑火灾烟气运移规律的影响，力求为地下大空间建筑防排烟系统的设计、改造及火灾时人员的安全疏散提供指导性意见。 本文首先介绍了地下大空间建筑的火灾特性以及国内外对火灾烟气运移规律研究的现状；接着对烟气运移的规律及其研究方法做了简单的介绍，其中重点介绍了本文所使用的火灾动态模拟软件FDS；然后以某地铁站作为地下大空间的代表性建筑进行了火灾烟气运移的计算机模拟，通过对模拟结果进行分析，总结出了地铁车站火灾时烟气运移的规律，以及对人员进行安全疏散的指导意见；同时发现地铁车站原防排烟系统设置无法对火灾时的烟气进行有效的控制。通过增加排烟口风速、增设楼梯口挡烟垂壁以及感烟报警装置，提高了地铁车站原防排烟系统的整体能力，达到了对火灾烟气进行有效控制和人员安全疏散的目的。另外，基于在使用FDS软件进行火灾烟气模拟研究过程中遇到的输入文件编制过程较为繁琐的问题，本课题开发了可视化的FDS软件输入文件编制的辅助程序，使FDS软件更易于操作与使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The increasing of number of underground buildings (Subway station, Underground market) with large space brought a new challenge to the fire protection in recent years. There are lots of different between these type buildings with the other simple buildings and underground buildings just because of special structures in underground buildings with large space. It is necessary to simulate fire smokes of underground buildings with large space by computers due to existing procedures to fire smokes protections of undergrounds have many shortcomings.This paper’s main point is researching the effects of fire’s position and fire smokes protection system’s settings on smokes flowing in underground buildings with large space. This paper also can be the reference to the design of smoke protection system and the fire evacuating underground buildings with large space.First, the characters and fire characters of underground buildings with large space and the actualities of researching smoke flow were introduced in this paper. The laws of smoke flowing and methods to researching these laws are introduced next. How to use the software FDS that had be used in this paper had be emphasized in this sector. Then a fire smoke in a subway station that can stand for underground buildings with large space had be simulated, and then got the laws of smokes flowing and to be the reference of evacuating subway station by analyzing simulation result. We find that the existing smoke protection settings can not control the smoke diffusing effetely at the same time. The general ability of smoke protection can be enhanced by enhancing the wind victory of vent-fan, installing smoke safety wall and smoke-alerter, and the purpose of evacuating and controlling can be achieved. In addition, the visual software was developed to create input file to avoid the troubles of existing method to create input data files.更多还原