【作者】 徐晟；

【导师】 陈鸿汉； 武雄；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 岩溶塌陷是占我国国土面积30%以上的岩溶区的主要地质灾害类型。近年来由于工业的迅速发展,使得岩溶塌陷问题日益严重,而山东省枣庄地区是我国重要的以能源开发为特色的工业城市。随着工业的迅速发展、城市规模扩大及人类经济活动的增加,致使岩溶塌陷频繁发生,给人类生命财产带来巨大威胁和损失。本文对山东省枣庄市中区1981年以来的岩溶塌陷点进行了现场勘察、测量、填图、取样和实验,着重对枣庄市岩溶塌陷的形成条件、发育状况、分布特点、塌陷的构造特征等进行了较为详细的分析研究,并根据分析的结果对枣庄市岩溶塌陷的进行了预测预报。具体取得如下研究成果:(1)结合覆盖层物理力学性质、厚度、地层条件、历年水文动态资料、地下水开采量等因素综合论述了枣庄市岩溶塌陷的形成条件和诱发原因。(2)在对已有研究资料详细分析的基础上,再通过现场调研,归纳了20多年来枣庄地区岩溶塌陷地质灾害造成的严重后果。结合枣庄市岩溶塌陷的实际情况,从岩溶塌陷损毁土地资源、污染地下水资源,破坏人类居住环境的角度,探讨了岩溶塌陷对资源、环境可持续发展的危害。系统分析了枣庄地区岩溶塌陷的特点、分布规律、发育特征。(3)根据枣庄地区岩溶塌陷发育和分布特征,运用宏观调查、细观裂隙统计和微观组构特征相结合的综合研究手段系统论述了岩溶塌陷与区域构造场之间的关系,指出区域地质构造场为枣庄地区岩溶塌陷提供了必要的客观条件。(4)在上述研究成果的基础上,以构造裂隙网络的分布特征为主,结合上覆土层和地下水动力条件,初步对枣庄地区岩溶塌陷的位置进行了预测预报,并提出相应的防护措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Karst collapses is the main geological disaster type which account for more than 30% of our country’s karst area. In recent years, the rapid development of the industry makes the problem of karst collapses increasingly severe. ZaoZhuang district in Shandong province, which makes a feature of energy exploitation, is the important industrial city in our country. With the fast development of the industry, enlargement of city scale and increasing of human being’s economic activity, the karst collapses take place in very high frequency, which bring huge threaten and loss to people’s life and properties. In this paper, we reconnaissance, measure, in- filling figure, sampling and experiment with the point of karst collapses in central district of Zaozhuang city since 1981. Analyzing and discussing the formation co- ndition, growth status, distributing feature and the structure characteristic of karst collapses in Zaozhuang in detail, then predicting and forecasting it according to the analytical results. Concretely, the following conclusions were obtained:(1) Combine with physical mechanics property, thickness, stratum condition, hydrological conditions and groundwater exploitation capacity of overlying caprock, the formation condition and reason of karst collapses in Zaozhuang were synthetically discussed.(2) Based on the detail analysis of the data on hand and via investigation and research on the spot, the severe sequent caused by the karst collapses in Zaozhuang district in recent 20 years was summed up. Combined with the actual case of karst collapses in Zaozhuang, we also discussed the harm of karst collapses had done to the resource and environment sustainable development from the point of karst collapses’s destroying soil resource, polluting ground water and damaging inhabitation environment of human beings. The characteristic, distribution rule and growth feature of karst collapses were also analyzed.(3) According to the growth and distribution characteristic of karst collapses in Zaozhuang district, the relationship between karst collapses and geological tectonics was discussed by combination of macro-surveying, mini-measuring and micro-analysis. The results indicated that, geological tectonics provides indispensable and impersonal condition for karst collapses in Zaozhuang district.(4) Based on the above results, taking the distribution characteristic of tectonic fissures net as the main factor, combined with condition of overlying caprock and groundwater hydrodynamic, the position of karst collapses in Zaozhuang is predicted elementary, and the relatively defense measurement was put forward.更多还原