【作者】 何丽华；

【导师】 江德兴；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 政治学理论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中央与地方关系是公共管理学以及行政学研究的重要内容。在世界上任何一个国家里,中央与地方的关系都是一个非常核心的问题并深受世界各国政府的普遍关注和重视。能否正确处理中央政府与地方政府这两者之间的关系,直接关系到一个国家的政治稳定有序和整个社会的协调发展。随着我国分权化改革与市场化改革的不断向前迈进,中央与地方之间的利益差异日渐凸显。在利益多元化格局已经形成的今天,如何处理好中央与地方之间利益关系的问题显得格外重要。本文认为,我国在社会主义市场经济条件下,必须采用中央集权——地方分权的混合体制,但是在不同时期、不同条件下,根据国家利益的需要,集权与分权的侧重点有所不同而已。首先,从西方的国家治理理论;权力的制衡原理及民主发展;政治权力与市场的关系中奠定了本文的方法论基础,并以此来作为全文的理论平台。其次,从历史的角度考察了我国的中央与地方关系,并找出我国长期以来中央与地方关系的弊端和原因。再次,从历史的角度考察了国外中央与地方的关系并从中得到了启示。最后,从理论和现实的角度得出中央与地方关系重构的基本原则、目标以及对策。重构的基本原则是:1、中央的权威不能削弱,地方的积极性也要发挥;2、保持中央集权与地方分权的适度平衡;3、明确中央与地方的权限和责任,中央与地方的权力与责任必须对称统一。4、按照财权与事权相一致的原则,通过分税制进行财政收入的划分。5、中央与地方关系必须法制化、规范化。重构的目标是建立中央集权与地方分权相结合的混合体制。形成一种集分结合、职权明确、分工协作、行止有序、科学规范的新型中央与地方关系模式。重构的对策是:1、明确政府与企业的职能关系,转变体制外功能及明确中央与地方政府的职能关系,优化体制内功能。2、中央与地方分权要科学化、动态化、法制化、制度化。3、合理规范中央政府与地方政府的利益分配。4、要建立和完善宏观调控体制。5、实现中央政府对地方政府的平等放权。6、引入民主机制,确保中央权威,强化地方政权的责任机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The central and local government relationship is an important part in public management study and administration study. Relationship between central and local government is regarded as a core problem and concern in nearly every country in the world. The well disposal of relationship between central and local government directly concern a country’s political stabilization and the social’s harmony development. With the advancement of decentralization reform and the market-directed economy reform, the profit discrepancy between the central and local government is becoming more and more obvious. It is especially important for a country in multi-profit division situation to solve the interest conflict between the central and local government.In this paper, I think that in the socialism market-directed economy condition, we should adopt centralization-decentralization mixed system. But in different period, under different conditions, in accord with the national interest, the emphasizing point is different. Firstly, from the western countries’governing theory; balance of power and democracy development; political power and market relationship I settle the methodology base of this paper and take these as the theory flat roof. Secondly, from the history aspect I review the central and local government relationship in our country and find the abuse and its reason existing in it. In addition, I get revelation from the review of the central and local government relationship abroad in history angle.Finally, from the theory and realism aspect I get basic principal, goal and countermeasure in the restructure of the central and local government relationship. The basic principle of restructure is: 1. The central authority and not be weakened as exerting the enthusiasm of the local government. 2. Keep the balance between the centralization and decentralization; 3. Define and unite the jurisdiction and liability of the central and local government; 4. Compartmentalize the financial income according to the system of tax division between central and local governments with the principle of consistent of financial and administering power; 5. The central and local government relationship should be legalized and standardized.The countermeasure of restructure: 1. Define the function of government and companies, converse the function outside of the system and define the function between the central and local government, optimize the inside of the system function. 2. The power division of the central and local government should be scientific, dynamic, legalize and systemized. 3. Standardize the interest division between the central and local government in reason. 4. Establish and perfect the macroscopic readjustment and control system. 5. Achieve the equality of power release between central and local government. 6. Introduce the democracy system, insure the central authority and strengthen the local government’s obligation system.更多还原