【作者】 佘金波；

【导师】 黄晓明；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着高速公路的飞速发展,人们在享受越来越便利的快速交通的同时也面临着交通事故的威胁。分析事故原因,路面的抗滑力不足是其中一个重要因素。提高道路的抗滑能力今天已经成为道路设计时需要重点考虑的指标。本文从摩擦、水力学理论出发,分析路面与轮胎的接触情况,分析积水对路面抗滑能力的影响,从而说明了排水的重要性。用渗流的相关理论研究路面的排水情况,最后通过OGFC抗滑表层的设计与施工对排水路面的抗滑性能进行实践说明。首先运用摩擦学知识对轮胎与路面干燥接触状态下摩擦力构成进行分析,分别对构成摩擦力弹性滞后作用、粘着与微切削作用进行分析,说明石料纹理与构造深度对路面抗滑性能的影响;根据轮胎的弹性滑转建立轮胎运动模型,建立滑移值与路面附着系数的关系。其次通过弹性流体润滑理论对轮胎与路面之间存在水膜时轮胎的受力情况,得到发生水膜润滑时轮胎所受的摩擦系数,从而从理论上说明路面积水对汽车安全行驶的危害。分析了水膜润滑对沥青路面抗滑能力的影响之后,分析了轮胎在有路面积水情况下轮胎的滑水现象。建立轮胎发生滑水时轮胎、路面和水膜的接触模型,通过轮胎在动水压力作用下的力学分析对轮胎发生滑水时的临界车速进行理论推导。接下来根据影响沥青路面抗滑的各种因素,对排水路面的抗滑性能进行了分析和探讨。排水路面的抗滑性能源于沥青路面面层的较大的构造深度与它的排水功能。排水路面的空隙率较大,采用的多为开级配的沥青混凝土,所以排水路面面层的构造深度比一般的抗滑表层要大,有研究表明路面经历过长期使用后,排水路面的构造深度衰减的最慢,从而提高了排面抗滑性能的长期性。除了构造深度的因素外,排水路面出色的排水能力使得有路面积水时的抗滑能力大大提高。由渗流知识原理对排水路面的排水性能进行了分析,得出排水速度的理论公式,得出排水路面的渗水系数对临界车速的影响。最后进行了开级配沥青磨耗层(OGFC)抗滑表层的设计研究,OGFC设计在中国还处于探索阶段,通过借鉴国外的成功经验以及对大孔隙混合料特性的分析提出了适合我国的OGFC抗滑表层的设计方法。通过对OGFC试验路排水能力与摩擦系数的检测从实践方面说明了排水路面出色的抗滑性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development at full speed of the expressway,people face the threat of the traffic accident too while enjoying more and more convenient fast traffic. Analyse cause of accident, to resist slippery strength an important factor among them road surface. Improve resisting the index that slippery ability needs considering especially while already becoming design of road today of the road.This text proceeds from rub,the hydraulics theory, analyse the contact situation of the road surface and tire,it is analysed that the water accumulation resists the influence of slippery ability on the road surface,thus explained the importance of draining off water. Use the relevant water drainage situation on road surface of theoretical research of the influent,resist slippery design and construction of top layer to drain off water to resist through OGFC slippery performance go on practice prove road surface finally.Is it is it gain knowledge to tire and dry to exposed to state frictional force is it is it analyse to go on to commit road surface have to rub to use at first,lagging behind in forming frictional force elasticity on function,glueing and cutting function to analyse a little separately, state the building stones lamination and construct the influence that the depth resist slippery performance to the road surface;Is it is it set up tire sport model to transfer according to elasticity of tire to to slip,is it slip person who move adhere to relation of coefficient with road surface to establish.Have through elastic fluid lubricated theory to tire and road surface water tire receive strength situation at the membrane secondly,is it take place water membrane tire received coefficient of friction when lubricating to get,prove way area water to danger that automobile go safely theoretically. It is analysed that water membrane is lubricated to the influence of resisting slippery ability of road surface of pitch,have analysed the water-skiing phenomenon of the tire in there is water of area of ways cases of the tire. Set up tire happen tire,road surface,water contact model of membrane when water-skiing,carry on the theory to derive through the critical speed while moving mechanics under the strength function of water pressure and analysing of the tire that water-skies to the tire.And then according to influencing the pitch road surface to resist various kinds of slippery factors,resisting slippery performance of road surface has carried on analysis and discussion to draining off water. Drain off water to resist slippery performance come from pitch road surface larger structure depth and its water drainage function of each road surface. The space rate of the road surface is relatively great to drain off water,the ones that were adopted are mostly to open one grade of bituminous concrete mixed,drain off water road surface structure depth of each than resisting slippery top layer heavy general,have research indicate road surface is it is it after longing run,drain off water structure of road surface most slow to pass to go through,thus improved the long period of time that the face resists slippery performance of arranging . Except the factor that construct depth ,drain off water road surface outstanding water drainage ability is it have way area resisting slippery ability raise greatly at the water to make. Have been analysed by the water drainage performance on the road surface to draining off water of knowledge principle of the influent, draw the theory formula of drainage speed,draw and drain off water the impact on critical speed of infiltration coefficient on the road surface.Is it make grade mix pitch wear and tear laye(rOGFC)resist slippery design research of top layer to go on finally,OGFC is designed but still at the stage of exploring in China,the foreign successful experience and analysis on big hole mixture characteristic have put forward OGFCsuitable for our country and resisted the design method of the slippery top layer through using for reference. Through test to OGFC way drain off water ability and measuring of coefficient of friction from practise respect prove drain off water road surface outstanding resisting slippery performance.更多还原