【作者】 钱卫一；

【导师】 王世和；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 人工湿是由土壤-植物-微生物三者组成的污水处理系统。人工湿地是开口式反应器,不同于一般的反应器,必然会有蒸发的水量损失;而湿地中的植物必然带来蒸腾的水量损失。目前文献关于湿地蒸发(E)、植物蒸腾(T)的研究甚少,因此研究其水量损失规律及其对湿地处理效果的影响具有重要意义。本文在自行建造的人工湿地模型上,通过对污水处理厂初沉出水的实际处理实验,研究了不同植物湿地蒸发蒸腾(ET)的水量损失及对应的出水水质变化,探讨湿地蒸发蒸腾与环境因子的关系,蒸发蒸腾的日变化、季节变化规律及对人工湿地中COD、TN、TP去除效果的影响,为人工湿地技术的进一步发展及工程设计与运行管理提供了参考。研究结果表明,富贵竹受气孔导度的影响最大,美人蕉受气孔导度的影响最大,芦苇受光强的影响最大;大多数湿地植物蒸腾量占蒸散量的比例在70～90%之间,其中,以芦苇湿地所占比例最大,为92.2%,其次是空心菜湿地(88.9%)、美人蕉湿地(83.1%)和茶花湿地(72.7%),富贵竹湿地蒸腾量占比例最小,为33.3%;湿地蒸散量只占湿地处理水量的很小部分,最大只有5.13%,最小为0.5%;通过对湿地蒸散量与湿地处理效果的分析发现,各湿地日COD、TN、TP去除率变化与各自蒸散量的日变化呈对应关系,植物蒸腾对湿地各项去除指标的影响夏季高于秋季,主要原因为植物蒸腾量增加,生态代谢加剧,光合作用增强,促进了根系活性及溶氧。通过对NH4+-N去除的进一步分析发现,由湿地蒸发带来的氨挥发只占总氮去除率的0.5%以下,说明大部分总氮由微生物及植物吸收去除。实验证明湿地蒸散对湿地去除率有重要影响,对于人工湿地优选植物具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Constructed wetland is a waste water treatment system constituted by soil、plant and microorganism. It’s an open reactor which necessarily causes evaporation; Plants in the wetland inevitably brings transpiration. But till now, we lack research on characteristic of the plants in constructed wetland.Based on the model of constructed wetland , the treatment experiments on the pre-sedimentation effluent of municipal sewage plant are done. The evapotranspiration of each wetland planted with different plant and the corresponding effluent water quality are determined. The influence of evapotranspiration’s diurnal changes and climate changes on constructed wetland’s COD、TN、TP removal effect and evapotranspiration between environment factors are analyzed in detail , so as to provide references for further development,design and operation of constructed wetland.Researches show that environment factors have different effect regularity on different plants. In general, the effect of PAR、Cs、Pn is the most and all wetlands plants reach their highest Tr at noon; T capacity of most wetlands accounts for 70~90% of ET, and Luwei’s is the most; ET only takes a small percentage of quantity of treated water: the maximum is 5.13% and the minimum is 0.5%. Analysis on ET and the removal effect of wetland shows that removal effect of COD、TN、TP corresponds with ET, and the removal effect of plants is more higher in summer, the reason of which is in summer, the evaporation rate of plant rises, ecology metabolism increases and photosynthesis improves which promote the activity and dissolved oxygen of roots.By virtue of the study on NH4+-N removal system in wetlands, it can be discovered that the amount of volatile nitrogen barely accounts for less than 0.5%, which illustrates that most nitrogen is removed by microorganism and plant’s absorption.Finally, experiments demonstrate that ET of wetland has important influence on wetland removal effect, which has guiding significance for plant selection in constructed wetland.更多还原