【作者】 刘东铖；

【导师】 韩立新；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 船舶污染事故中船员犯罪问题是目前国际社会广泛关注的问题之一。为了防止海洋环境的进一步污染，一些国家将船员污染海洋环境的某些行为确定为犯罪，这符合环境刑法发展的大趋势。我国目前要做的是全面了解国际国内立法状况，完善国内立法并明确自己在国际社会中应采取的态度。 为论述这一问题，本文分为四章。 第一章分析写作本论文的意义，并对“船舶”、“船舶污染事故”、“污染物质”等重要概念进行界定，以明确论文的写作范围。 第二章对相关国际立法、区域立法、国内立法的现状进行介绍。国际立法主要涉及《1982年联合国海洋法公约》；区域立法主要涉及欧盟关于此问题的最新立法，包括欧盟理事会2005年7月12日“关于强化刑法框架以实施防止船舶污染法律”的2005/667/JHA号框架性决定和欧洲议会、欧盟理事会2005年9月7日提出的“关于船舶污染和对违反行为采用刑罚”的2005/35/EC号指令；在国内立法上，主要涉及加拿大、美国、相关欧盟成员国及我国的立法。 第三章重点分析船舶污染事故中船员犯罪的构成要件，包括犯罪客体、犯罪客观方面、犯罪主体和犯罪主观方面。笔者认为船舶污染事故中船员犯罪侵犯的客体包括社会的公共安全和国家环境资源保护管理制度，需依不同案件来确定；在犯罪客观方面重点分析船舶污染事故中船员犯罪的危害行为、危害后果及危害行为与危害结果间的因果关系；在主体上对“船员”进行界定，并对涉及主体的特殊问题作分析，如引航员作为犯罪主体的问题；在主观方面，通过分析英美法系和我国的相关规定，阐述船舶污染事故中船员犯罪的心态，并针对严格责任是否适用于船舶污染事故中船员犯罪提出自己的观点。 第四章分析我国现有立法存在的缺陷，并就我国立法的完善和在国际社会中应采取的立场提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Criminalization of seafarers is greatly concerned by international community. To prevent the further pollution to sea, many states prefer to make some seafarers’ pollution acts crimes, which embody the development of environmental criminal law. It is time for China to understand the related international and national legislations, perfect its legal system and make its attitude in international community clear.To discuss the topic, the author divides the dissertation into four parts.The first part explains the importance of doing such research and defines some key concepts like "ship", "ship-source pollution accidents" and "polluting substance".The second part introduces the international, regional and national legislations on the topic. United Nations Conventions on the Law of Sea is the main convention among international legislations. European legislations on the topic are selected to introduce regional legislations. The related legislations in Canada, the United States, European countries and China are also introduced in this part.The third part makes analysis on the component of crime carried out by seafarers in ship-source pollution accidents, including Object, objective aspects, subject and subjective aspects of the crime. Such view is held that the object of the crime is public safety and states’ administrative system on the protection of environment and resources; the object shall be different in different cases. In objective aspects, seafarers’ wrongful acts, the consequences and the cause are mainly analyzed; the concept of "seafarer" is defined in subject part and some questions are forwarded; subjective aspects are analyzed by comparing related legislations between Anglo-American law and Chinese law, the author also gives ideas on whether strict liability shall be adopted in the criminalization process.The forth part points out flaw of Chinese legislation on the topic, gives someadvice on how to perfect the legislation and make clear of Chinese position in international community.更多还原