【作者】 杨勇；

【导师】 余兆祥；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 重金属废水会对环境生态产生严重的危害，因此对重金属废水的处理日益受到重视。本研究采用湿地系统处理铜、锌、铅重金属废水。研究了系统构建，系统运行条件对重金属废水处理效果的影响以及潜流式人工湿地系统停留时间分布和水流流动形态，目的是为工程设计及工艺控制提供依据。 本研究首先对焦炭填料以及碎石填料的灭菌系统、挂膜系统以及有植物系统对重金属废水处理效果进行了对比。结果显示：无植物焦炭系统处理效果优于无植物碎石系统；有植物系统处理效果优于无植物系统；碎石填料体系在植入芦苇后，对比有植物焦炭系统，在重金属废水处理方面未表现出太大的劣势。 对湿地系统运行影响因素的分析显示，除了强酸性及高浓度等极端进水条件外，在较宽的进水条件变化下，系统对铜、锌、铅都有稳定且有效的脱除效果。金属铜在pH为3.5～6.7，进水浓度为6.76～15.2mg／L；金属锌在pH为3.6～6.8，进水浓度为12.2～16.2mg／L；金属铅pH为3.3～3.9，进水浓度为23.8～38.4mg／L的进水条件下，系统处理10h对三种金属的平均去除率均在95％以上。 系统截留金属主要被固定在填料层，占98％以上；植物直接吸收的金属占截留量的1％左右，但是对比无植物系统系统截留金属量分析，植物间接作用导致的重金属铜截留增加量占总量的30％以上(碎石系统)。 对处理后基质的浸渍和冲淋实验表明，以物理吸附形式存在的可交换态重金属铜占截留总量的1.07％，说明系统内重金属得到很好的固定。但是在pH小于3.3的情况下，固定的金属铜和铅比较容易被再次溶出，发生污染转移。 停留时间分布结果表明，水力负荷小于1.86m~3／(m~2.d)时，实际平均停留时间大于10h。此时，系统内水流流动接近2个反应釜串联的流动形态。系统内同时存在短路、沟流、滞留区、循环流、分子扩散、涡流扩散等多种非理想流动因素，其对系统内流动的影响权重随水力负荷的变化而变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the environmental damage of heavy metals wastewater, the treatment on heavy metals wastewater gained much more attention day by day. In order to offer some valuable reference for practice project design and technique control for a constructed wetlands, in this research, a constructed wetlands was used to study the influence of the structure and the fun conditions on the wastewater containing copper, zinc and lead treatment. And the distribution of residence time and flow form of the wetland system was studied as well.First, the removal efficiency of heavy metals of the six systems constructed with sterilized coke only, sterilized gravel only, domesticated coke only, domesticated gravel only, coke filler with reed and gravel with reed was compared. The result shows that the heavy metal removals of the systems with coke filler only are better than that of the systems with gravel filler only; and that of the systems with reed are better than that of the systems without. After reeds planned in systems with gravel filler, the heavy metal removal efficiency of them were little worse than that of reed bed with coke filler.The analyze of the influence of the factors on the function of the wetlands shows that wetlands have a steady and effective removal on heavy metals, such as copper, zinc and lead, in wide ranges of the initial conditions. In the conditions of pH=3.5-6.7; HRT=10h; 6.76-15.2mgCu²⁺/L of the copper treating system, pH=3.6-6.8; HRT=10h; 12.2-16.2mgZn²⁺/L of the zinc treating system, pH=3.3-3.9; HRT=10h; 23.8-38.4mgPb²⁺/L of the lead treating system, the systems had more than 95% removal efficiencies of the three metals individual.More than 98% of the three metals remained in the system was in the filler. About 1% of all the copper remained in the system was absorbed direct by the reed. However, analyze compared with the systems without reed shows that 30% of all the copper in the reed bed was immobilized by the indirect effect of the reed （The gravel filler systems）.The result of the dipping and flushing experiment on the substrate treated by更多还原