【作者】 武建平；

【导师】 白鹏；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 制药工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在制药和化工生产中,吸收过程广泛应用于含氯化氢尾气的净化处理。工业吸收通常采用多级吸收塔串联进行吸收。这类吸收处理往往是连续吸收过程。对于制药和精细化工生产中大量的间歇合成反应产生的间歇性氯化氢尾气排放,目前尚缺乏研究,使其工业应用也受到很大局限。因此,对间歇性氯化氢尾气吸收过程的研究十分必要。间歇排放具有排放时间短、浓度含量变化幅度大的特点。通常在1-2h内,废气的浓度和流量经历一个由小增大,然后又由大减小的“波形”,在某个时间或某段时间内达到最大值。本文针对工业生产中间歇排放的规律,提出了两段塔间歇吸收的操作方式,将吸收塔分为上、下两段,上段用清水吸收以保证排放氯化氢浓度达到排放标准,下段采用大流量循环吸收得到一定浓度的产品。这种新操作方法的特点是在实现排放气达标的同时,既避免了用碱液吸收产生废料无机盐的缺点,又获得了具有经济价值的产品盐酸。本文首先研究了氯化氢废气的间歇排放过程中氯化氢气体的吸收特点以及影响尾气浓度的因素,确定了实验条件及工艺,然后结合与产品浓度有关的影响因素,找到了合理的操作控制方法。此外,本文建立了两段塔间歇吸收过程的数学模型,通过模拟计算对选定的操作条件进行了数值分析。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。最后,本文进行了两段塔间歇吸收过程的工业塔试验研究,系统考察了清水流量、循环液流量、氯化氢排放规律对塔顶尾气及塔底产品浓度的影响,所得结果与实验室得到的规律一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Absorption is widely applied in disposal of HCl exaust gas, which is one of the most important environmental comtaminants, produced during pharmaceutical and chemical production. In industry, gas absorption is usually featured with several columns in series during a successive process. However, for the moment, the insufficient research for the character and absorbing operation of HCl gas produced in the processes of intermittent synthesizing reaction and emitted intermittently greatly limits the application of absorption as a main way of disposal of HCl exaust gas in pharmaceutical industry and fine-chemistry industry. Thus, the research about how efficiently absorb HCl exaust gas emitted intermittently becomes necessary.Batch process during industrial production determines the character of emitting exaust gases, which typically includes short time and great range of emitted gas concentration. commonly, in 1-2 hours, the concentration and flow rate of the exaust gas experiences a wave-formed change, beginning from a minor value, increasing gradually to the wave crest, and then down to a minor value. On the first section of this paper, based on this character, the author has put forward and researched the means of two-part operation. According to the means of two-part operation, an absorbing tower is cut into two parts, the up-part through which the concentration of exit gas is limited under the upper value regulated in the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants in China, and the down-part at the bottom of which the output of hydrochloric acid with certain expected concentration is produced by means of recycling absorption. The advantages of this new operation way mainly invovle that the concentration of emitted HCl gas is wholy controlled under the limited value, at the same time not only avioding bringing some waste inorganic salts, but producing hydrochloric acid which can be sold.On the second section, this paper does lots of experimental studies on the intermittent emitting law of HCl exaust gas in practical industry production, and focuses on finding main factors of influencing the value of concentration of exit gas and output hydrochloric acid. Then find out proper operating ways and controling conditions by analyzing these factors.On the third section, the author has established mathematical models illustrating the process of batch absorption. The results of numerical analysis of selected operating更多还原