【作者】 艾海峰；

【导师】 杨敏；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的飞速发展,现代水力学有了很大的变化。理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟逐渐成为研究水力学的三大基本手段。随着计算机技术的进步,计算流体动力学(CFD)在水利工程中获得了广泛的应用,取得了很好的效果,并得到了工程界的一致认可。本文应用数值模拟技术,采用大型通用流体计算软件,编写部分计算程序,对实际水流进行了三维数值计算,将数值模拟应用到实际的工程中。根据保水堰的体型特点,建立相应的数学模型,对其水流流场进行了数值模拟。获得了保水堰附近的流速和时均压力分布规律,成功解决了水气二相流中水气分界面的问题,并计算出保水堰的局部水头损失系数。以察汗乌苏水电工程为背景,对其泄洪洞水流流场进行了三维数值模拟。得到泄洪洞各种工况下的下泄流量以及闸门槽测点的压力值,并与试验数据进行了比较;另外,还对闸门槽的空蚀特性和明满流流态进行了分析。对PCCP管道中的水流流场进行数值模拟,计算并求解出管道的水头损失和阻力系数,与模型试验取得了较为一致的结果;另外,还对不同管径的管道进行了模拟,得到了阻力系数随管径的变化规律。建立了从上游库区到下游水垫塘的整体数学模型,对拉西瓦拱坝泄洪流场进行了数值模拟。计算了表、深孔的泄流能力,并求得了表、深孔壁面和水垫塘内的时均压力分布。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of technology, there are great changes in modern hydraulics. Theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation become the main methods of hydraulics. And with the progress of computer technology, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is wildly used and recognized in hydraulic engineering.With the help of numerical simulation technology, several actual flows are computed by fluid software in this dissertation where part of the computer program is compiled by hand.Based on the characteristics of water-keeping weir, the mathematical model is set up and the flow field is simulated. The distribution of flow velocity and time-average pressure near the water-keeping weir is obtained, and the local head loss coefficient of the water-keeping weir is calculated with a successful solution of the water-air interface in two face flow.In the background of Cha Han Wu Su hydropower project, the flow field of the spillway tunnel is simulated. The discharge of the spillway tunnel and the pressure of the measuring points in gate slot which were compared with the test data are obtained. In addition, an analysis is given about the cavitations of the gate slot and the free-full flow of the spillway tunnel.The flow field of the PCCP pipeline is simulated, so the head loss and resistance coefficient are calculated which are consistent with the test data. Additionally, other pipelines of different diameter are also simulated, and the resistance coefficient’s law along with the diameter is carried out.A mathematical model of La Xi Wa arch dam including reservoir area and cushion pool is set up and then simulated. The discharge capacity of crest outlet and bottom outlet is calculated, and the distribution of time-average pressure of the crest outlet, bottom outlet and cushion pool is obtained.更多还原