【作者】 苗得雨；

【导师】 周孝德；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 班多一级、班多二级及羊曲水电站梯级开发是黄河上游梯级水电站开发的重要组成部分，根据黄河上游地区社会经济状况和河段地形地质特点，此河段开发的主要任务是水力发电。水库的修建将改变库区的水文情势和水环境状况，进而对库区生态、灌溉和生活用水等产生重大影响。因此，水质预测是水电站建前环境影响评价的重要组成部分，在水库修建前对水库水质进行预测研究，对工程的环境保护和工程建设及运行都有重要意义。针对班多一级、班多二级及羊曲水库的具体特点，本文建立了纵向一维动态水质模型，并对一维水质模型进行简化，简化后的模型参数减少，求解容易，所需原始资料也大为减少，通过河道水质监测数据的验证，相对误差较小。文中通过建立垂向准二维水质模型预测班多一级水库建成后有机污染物的沿程变化及垂向分布，克服了立面二维模型求解困难及处理复杂等问题。在没有类比库资料的情况下，文中借鉴前人研究成果确定了降解系数、纵向离散系数及垂向扩散系数。根据目前的水质状况，选取有机污染物（BOD₅）作为预测对象，利用上述建立的两个模型预测了班多一级、班多二级及羊曲水库的水质状况。预测结果表明：（1）水库的建成改变了水力条件，增加了水力停留时间，有利于有机污染物的稀释沉降。（2）三个水文频率年中，枯水年水质较差，封平两年相差较小。（3）一年之中，枯水期水质最差，这与面源污染有关，由于上游水库的调节作用，平水期和丰水期水质相差不大。（4）枯水年污染物含量最高，即使如此，整个时段仍满足地表水Ⅰ类水质标准，平水年次之，风水年最低。（5）污染源主要来自于上游及面源污染，应加强该流域上游的污染控制和治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Banduoyiji、 Banduoerji and Yangqu hydropower stations are important component for development of upper yellow river cascade hydroelectric power station. The main role of this channel segment development is hydroelectric power generation, which the social economic conditions and the characteristic of channel segment and landform and geology bases on upper reaches area of yellow river. The completion of reservoir will change hydrological situation and hydro-environ conditions in the reservoir area, further exerting an important effect upon ecology, farmland irrigation and living water use. ect. For this reason, water quality prediction is an important part of environmental impact assessment before the construction of hydropower station. Prediction of water quality in the reservoir before its construction, is of great significance of environ protection and construction, operation for the project.According to the characters of Banduoerji and Yangqu reservoirs, the longitudinal one-D dynamic water quality model is built in this paper, and the model is simplified. After the simplification, the number of parameter in the model is lesser, it can be solved easier, and the wanted data are lesser. The model is validated by the measured data of water quality in the river, and the relative error is minor. In this paper, the longitudinal change and vertical distribution of organic pollutant is predicted in the Banduoyiji reservoir after its completion, which by establishing vertical false two-D water quality model, some problems existing vertical two-D model such as the difficult solve and disposal are overcame. In the case of without similar reservoir data, the predecessor research outcomes are used for reference, then determine degradation coefficient, longitudinal dispersion coefficient and vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient in the paper.According to existing water quality at present, the organic pollutant water quality index （BOD₅） is chosen as prediction object. The water quality in Banduoyiji、 Banduoerji andYangqu reservoirs are predicted by utilizing the two models which are built above.The prediction results indicate: （1） the completion of reservoir will increase hydraulic detention time, which will be advantage of organic pollutant sink. （2） In the three typical years, water quality in low flow year will be the worst, the difference of water quality in high flow year and moderate flow year will be minor. （3） In one year, water quality in rainy period will be the worst, there has a relation with area pollution, as the upstream reservoir adjusting action, water quality in low flow period and moderate flow period will has little difference. （4） there is high pollution in water quality low flow year, even though, all the time concentration will belong to the range of Group Ⅰ water, the moderate flow year lower and high flow year worst. （5） the upper flow and area pollution are the main pollutant source, so pollution control and harness in the river basin should be strengthened.更多还原