100W微波等离子体推力器固态源研制与效率分析

【作者】 杨花芳；

【导师】 杨涓；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 航空宇航推进理论与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近十几年来，随着对航天器推进系统性能要求的不断提高，电推进以其独有优势引起了航天界的兴趣和重视，并且越来越多地被应用到空间任务中。微波等离子推力器(MPT)是一种电热型推力器，它具有比冲适中、寿命长、羽流污染小等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。固态源作为MPT的能量供给单元，是MPT关键部件之一，其效率高低也是衡量MPT总体性能的重要标志。 目前实验室现有的MPT微波源体积大、重量重，对MPT研究和性能提高起着制约作用。本论文在原有微波源的基础上，通过理论分析和实际设计，利用半导体器件研制出体积小、重量轻的100W MPT固态源，并在试验基础上对MPT系统效率进行了分析和估算。 本文的主要见解和工作为： 1、利用微波器件、电路、微波等有关知识，对固态源各组成部分进行了分析、比较和选取，确定了固态源的实现方案。微波发生器采用频率比较稳定的石英晶体振荡器，频率合成采用集成锁相环和分频器来完成，功率放大器采用了稳定性、性能较好的场效应管，固态源冷却采用了密闭水循环系统。 2、详细介绍了辅助微波器件的原理和性能，对电路和电路板进行了介绍、MPT选择，在此基础上研制出了符合要求的固态源实物，并对固态源进行了调试、标定和负载试验，解决和分析了实验过程中出现的一些问题和现象，并对实验结果进行了分析说明。 3、利用微波、电路及谐振腔等知识，分析了MPT系统微波传输效率，指出了固态源效率和MPT谐振腔耦合效率是影响MPT系统整体效率的主要因素之一，最后结合实验数据估算出MPT实际工作效率约为27％左右。 经过较长时间验证，研制的固态源能长时间稳定、可靠工作，性能良好，表明研制的固态源是可行的，另外MPT效率分析初步给出了影响效率的一些因素，这些都为进一步提高MPT性能奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past several ten years, with more and more requirements for high performance spacecraft propulsion system, Electric Propulsion (EP) has become a focus of spaceflight field and widely be applied in space missions. Microwave Plasma Thruster(MPT) is one kind of electrothermal thruster, it advantages are moderate specific impulse, long life, well compatible with spacecraft and so on, which make it a most perspective application in space flying. Microwave generator of MPT is power supply apparatus. How to decrease its volumne and mass is the key problem for its applycation.At present,existing Microwave generator in the lab is large volume and weight, which restricts MPT research and performance improvement. This paper is based on the existing MS, aim to develop a new small volume and light weight solid-stste microwave source(SSMS) with semiconductor elements for MPT, test its performance, analyze and estimate MPT efficiency.The contents of this paper include:1. Choose the main component elements of SSMS using related microwave, circuit, heat transfer knowledge, and decide the SSMS’s forming project. The microwave generator uses quartz oscillator whose stability is very high; Frequency synthesizer uses integration PLL and frequency divider, power amplifier uses field effect transistor(FET), SSMS cooling method is convective water cooling style.2. The assistant microwave elements are detailedly introduced. With design circuit diagram and PCB, a new SSMS which is satisfied with the requirements of MPT has be developed.3. Analyze the transfers efficiency of MPT show that SSMS’s efficiency and thruster coupling efficiency is the main influence factors of MPT system efficiency, and obtained the MPT system efficiency is about 27% from the test data.After long-term test, the developed SSMS can stably and reliably work, well performance and express that the developed SSMS is feasible.更多还原