基于复杂性的软件过程动态资源配置优化研究

【作者】 张力；

【导师】 薛惠锋；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 系统工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息技术的不断发展，软件产业已经成为信息产业的核心和国民经济信息化的基础。自软件诞生以来，“软件危机”始终伴随着软件的发展，表现在成本超支、进度失控、工期超期等，传统的软件过程模型对于缓解软件危机仍具有一定的局限性，改进软件过程对于缓解软件危机具有重要的现实意义。 软件过程是一个典型的复杂系统，是将用户需求转化为可执行系统的开发和演化过程中所进行的软件工程的全部活动，具有并行性、复杂性、目的性、演化性、动态性等特征。复杂系统理论是现代系统理论与非线性系统理论进一步结合与发展的产物，是系统科学的重要组成部分。其智能性、适应性及抽象性等生命系统的特征使人工生命的研究方法成为复杂系统研究的主体。 本文以提高软件生产率、资源利用率为目的，以复杂性理论为研究手段，以软件过程为研究对象，集中探讨了活动规划、资源配置及软件过程中的动态性等问题。主要内容如下： 1．简要的回顾了软件的发展历程及软件危机的表现，分析了缓解软件危机对软件产业发展的重要性和必要性。 2．系统的分析了软件过程模型的历史，剖析了管理学、生命周期、复杂性科学三种不同学科背景下的软件过程模型的优缺点。详细论述了人工生命研究方法体系下的复杂理论的产生背景、基本原理，并对其中的研究方法的理论、应用及特征进行了总结。 3．系统的分析了目前的软件过程中活动规划与资源配置的方法及优缺点，综合软件过程中人力、物力资源的合理安排与统筹规划，通过任务分解、环路处理、资源评估等步骤，提出一种基于遗传算法的活动规划与资源配置模型，并采用项目实例对该模型进行有效性验证。 4．系统分析了软件过程中的动态性表现及特征，提出了动态性因子的概念，并对软件过程的动态性因子进行分析。将软件过程模型分为静态与动态两个部分，提出了一种基于规则集的软件过程模型，实现了软件过程中的动态性处理，并采用项目实例对该模型进行有效性验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 As information technology develops perpetually, the software industry has become the core of information industry and the basis of an information-based economy. Since the birth of software, it is always accompanied by software crisis, which is reflected in overspending, overtime and low productivity. Traditional software process model for decreasing software crisis has some limitations. Software process improvement for decreasing software crisis is of important practical significance. Software Process is a typical complex system and is composed of activities making customer needs into enforceable system for development and evolution of software engineering process, featuring with parallelism, complexity, objectivity, evolution and dynamics.Complex System Theory (CST) is the development of Modern System Theory and Non-linear Theory, which focuses on intelligence, adaptivity and abstract. As complex systems have the attributes of Artificial Life (AL), AL becames the main method to research them.To advance software productivity, resource utilizing rate and cost estimate precision, the software process has been taken as research object, and complex system methods are used. Cost estimate, activity scheduling, dynamic nature of software process are research focus. There are mainly four contents in this thesis.Firstly, a brief review of software development process and software crisis is introduced. Importance and necessity to decrease software crisis for software industry is analyzed.Secondly, the historical model of software process is analyzed. The merits and demerits of software process model are discussed systematically from three angles, i.e., management, life cycle and complex science. The background, basic principle, method structure and character are introduced.Thirdly, the current system of planning and allocation of resources in software process activities and disadvantages of the method are introduced. Integraing manpower, material resources and reasonable arrangement in software process and the overall planning, a genetic algorithm based activity planning and resource更多还原