结构隔声测试技术研究

【作者】 范玉岭；

【导师】 王敏庆；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的结构隔声测试技术对实验条件要求较高，需要造价较高的专业声学设施并且对测试试件也有较严格的限制。因此减少测试环境和试件对测试结果的影响并提高测试的精度，实现简单测试条件下准确的结构隔声测试对噪声控制工程有着重要的意义。 本论文对一般测试环境下的结构隔声测试技术进行了理论研究和实验验证。首先利用波传递法得到了复合板垂直入射隔声量计算公式，运用该公式可以预报不同材料组合的多层复合板的隔声性能，为复合板隔声结构设计提供了理论指导。与此同时，研究了运用计算机辅助生成数字化脉冲信号的理论与方法，并通过实验对理论进行了验证，理论和实验的一致性表明：运用计算机生成的数字化脉冲信号具有能量足、设计方便、可重复性好的优点，频域特性适合宽频带测试。文中还运用数字信号处理理论分析了测试系统特性对输入信号的影响，并分别采用最小平方滤波补偿法、卷积反演补偿法补偿了测试系统特性对输入信号的影响，解决了系统影响带来的响应不足的问题。在有限尺寸构件的边缘衍射和其它反射信号对隔声测试的影响方面，文中利用时间选择技术成功将有效信号分离，提高了测试的准确度。最后，对脉冲声隔声测试技术进行了改进并提出了非消声室环境下的结构隔声测试技术，该技术摆脱了对专业声学设施的依赖，减弱了测试系统特性对测试结果的影响，实现了对期望频率范围内的宽频带测试，降低了对测试试件尺寸的要求，可以在简单的测试环境下方便、准确、可重复的对小尺寸构件的垂直入射隔声性能进行测试。该技术是对结构隔声测试技术的大胆改进，具有实际应用价值，应用前景宽广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Strict experimental conditions and expensive special acoustics apparatus are demanded in traditional structure sound insulation tests. So reduce the effect of the testing environment and apparatus to the testing results, improve the precision and frequency range of the testing, and realize the testing condition simplified but result are exact are important to the noise controlling engineering.The theoretic analysis and experiment validation of structure sound insulation testing in common environment were studied in this thesis. The sound insulation formula of the compound panel was deduced by applying the Wave Analysis Approach. The sound insulation properties of compound panel that made from different materials could be forecasted by applying this formula, and can supply theoretical conducting for the compound panel structure design. The theoretical and approach to create digital impulse signal using the computer were researched in this thesis, and experiment validation were also done. The good agreement of the theoretical and experimental results showed that: the digital impulse signal had the virtues of sufficient energy, easy for design, good repetition, and suitable for wide band testing. Influences of the testing system characteristic on input signal were analyzed using the DSP theory. The effects were equalized using the least squares filter and the deconvolution equalization methods, and then the problem of response deficient was solved. The influence of diffraction and reflection at the margin of testing sample was analyzed. The testing accuracy was increased by separating the availability signal from all signals. Finally, traditional free field impulse method was improved, and a new sound insulation testing method in non-anechoic chamber was proposed. This testing method could get away from the dependence on the special acoustic apparatus, the influence of testing system characteristic on the testing result is reduced, the broadband testing of anticipant frequency range can be realized, the condition of testing sample is lowered. Compared with the traditional testing, not only the testing efficiency and repeatability were improved, the testing accuracy was also increased remarkably by using the method in common environment. This testing method is suitable for practical application.更多还原