【作者】 刘琴；

【导师】 王福豹；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 计算机科学与技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(WSN)是最近几年发展起来的一项新技术，它最早用于军事领域，如今的低成本传感器节点己经可以应用于空间探测、辐射检测、洪灾预警、农田管理、生物群落观测、机动目标跟踪、环境和气象监测、智能交通和智能家居等众多领域。无线传感器网络融合了传感器技术、嵌入式技术和网络通信技术等当今众多热门技术，其发展已被国务院写入了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》，WSN将离我们越来越近。 无线传感器网络与传统网络通信技术有很多不同之处，研究如何优化网络层路由算法以降低节点能耗是其关键性问题之一。首先介绍了无线传感器网络体系结构和基本特征，在此基础上分析了节点能耗问题并研究了相应的能量有效技术；接着概述现有的平面、层次以及位置辅助路由协议或算法并做了必要的分析和比较；然后在全面分析簇划分算法的基础上，提出一种全新的基于连通度的分布式拓扑控制算法EDCC(an Effective Distributed Clustering Based on Connectivity)。有别于传统被动的簇选举算法，EDCC的基本思想是为每个节点设定一个初始衰减时间，每当接收到节点间的广播消息就将时间减去一定值。时间率先衰减到0的节点则主动成为簇头。为了避免时间同步问题对算法的影响，初始时间按照一定规律随机化。因此连通度越大的节点接收到的消息越多，成为簇头的可能性越大。不基于节点时间同步，主动的簇组织和簇维护机制是算法的重要特点。NS2平台上的仿真试验以及对试验结果的详细分析表明EDCC能对网络进行有效分割，适用于传感器网络；最后，在EDCC拓扑控制算法的基础上通过多跳实现簇头节点间以及簇头与Sink节点的连通，性能测试表明该层次路由协议能够在TinyOS操作系统和Mica2节点平台上正常工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are new technology developed in recent years. At first it was used to the military sphere, and today low-cost sensor nodes can be applied to space exploration, radiation monitoring, flood warning, farmland management, mobile target tracking, environmental monitoring, intelligent traffic and intelligent home. Wireless sensor networks integration of sensor technology, embedded technology and network communications technology, development work related has been included in the "Outline of the state medium - and long-term scientific and technological development program," WSN will be getting closer and closer to us.Wireless sensor networks are different from traditional communication technologies, what is studied here is how to optimize the network layer routing algorithm to reduce energy consumption. First the wireless sensor network architecture and basic characteristics are introduced, on the basis of which nodes energy issues and energy efficient technology are analyzed. Second existing routing protocols or algorithms are outlined and compared as the classification of plane, hierarchical as well as the position aided ones. Third based on a comprehensive analysis of cluster division, a new topology control algorithm named EDCC (an Effective Distributed Clustering Based on Connectivity) is put forward. The main idea of EDCC is to set an initial timer for each node, and whenever receiving a message, the timer is minus by a constant. While the timer reaches 0, the node becomes Cluster Head spontaneously. And the randomized initial time makes the algorithm not dependent on time synchronization. Thus a node with a bigger connectivity will become a Cluster Head more easily. In a word, efficiency, fast convergence and active clustering organization and maintenance are characteristics of the algorithm. Besides, experiment on the NS2 simulation platform and detailed analysis of the results show EDCC effective segmentation of the network. Finally, a new clustering hierarchical routing protocol composed of EDCC get together with multi-hop is developed on the platform of TinyOS operating system and Mica2 nodes and tests illustrate that the routing protocol works well.更多还原