【作者】 刘凯；

【导师】 罗建军；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 飞行器设计， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自主临近作业活动具有重要的民用和军用价值。自主制导是临近作业活动研究的重要内容。本文对自主临近作业活动中有关的制导模型、方法和算法进行了研究，主要内容包括： 1．介绍了小卫星自主临近作业活动的概念及其产生的背景，分析了国外自主临近作业飞行动力学、导航与制导、控制等方面的发展趋势和研究现状，总结了小卫星自主临近作业机动飞行制导的主要任务和特点。 2．分析了航天器近距离相对运动动力学模型，推导了采用基于相对轨道要素的相对运动描述模型；结合临近作业飞行任务，进行了典型临近作业飞行阶段的飞行边界条件界定；推导了基于线性化相对动力学模型的双脉冲控制模型。 3．研究了接近、撤退、伴飞、绕飞和停靠等多种临近机动飞行的制导方法，并进行了仿真验证。在接近与撤离机动飞行制导中，研究了优化的多脉冲滑移制导，结合机动飞行任务对时间的要求，提出了快速、指数及慢速滑移轨道的概念，研究了三种轨道的设计方法和实现算法，本方法可以实现接近机动飞行任务对减速的要求和撤离机动飞行任务对加速的要求。 4．针对临近作业机动变轨过程中出现的安全飞行问题，提出了综合考虑防碰撞和防羽流污染的安全轨迹制导策略。利用矢量能够同时表征状态量和控制量大小和方向的特点，将相对位置和相对速度参量表示成空间矢量的形式，并提出了安全域和安全角的概念；在此基础上建立了防碰撞和防羽流污染的制导参量和制导原则。仿真计算结果表明，采用脉冲控制模式，本文提出的安全轨迹制导策略能够实现小卫星临近作业的安全机动飞行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Autonomous proximity operations have important civil and military value. And autonomous guidance technology is one of the emphasis contents in this area. Much attention is paid to the research of the guidance models guidance methods and guidance algorithms in the autonomous proximity operations in this paper, the main contents are:1 The concept of the small satellites autonomous proximity operations and its requirement background are given first in this thesis, then the development of the flying dynamics navigation and guidance control technology in this field are analyzed. Above this, the tasks and characteristics of the small satellite autonomous proximity operation flying are summarized.2 Based upon analyzing the relative motion dynamics model of the closing spacecrafts, the relative motion model using relative orbit elements is presented. Facing the proximity operation flying tasks, the conditions of typical phases are defined and the two-pulse model is deduced based on the closed-form solution of the linear C-W equations.3 The guidance methods for different proximity maneuver flying are researched, emphasis on the proximity flying guidance problem, an optimized multi-pulse glidescope guidance algorithms when considering the required time in the mission is investigated deeply. The conceptions of the quick exponential and slow glidescopes are defined, and the three types of glidescope design approach and algorithm are given. The designed approaches can meet the needs of decreasing in the proximity operation and accelerating in the retreat operation.4 Facing the safety flying during proximity orbit maneuver, a safety trajectory guidance strategy is shown. Because vector can describe magnitude and direction of the status messages and control messages at the same time, so relative position and relative velocity can be described by vector. New concept of safety area and safety angle are defined, then the control parameters and judging principia of the collision avoidance and plume contamination avoidance are brought forward. The results of the simulation indicate that the safety trajectory guidance strategy can achieve safety maneuver flying of the small satellite proximity operation when using thrust control method.更多还原