【作者】 潘科；

【导师】 黄凌风；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 海洋生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 异养鞭毛虫(heterotrophic flagellates)是一类营自由生活的原生动物,它们的运动和摄食主要是通过鞭毛来完成,即使具有质粒,也主要是通过异养的方式来获取食物或者能量。该生物类群种类多样性高,具有个体小、数量丰富、分布广泛和代谢速率快的特点。海洋异养鞭毛虫是海洋微微型自养生物、异养细菌和部分有机碎屑的初级消费者,它们在海洋生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和营养盐再生过程中发挥着重要的作用,与海区富营养化有密切的关系。海洋异养鞭毛虫的生物学和生态学特征是当前海洋生态学研究领域中的一个热点,同时也是我国在海洋微食物环研究中相对薄弱的环节。异养鞭毛虫的培养、分离与纯化工作是深入研究该生物类群的重要前提。本研究在毛细管分离法的基础上进行改进,形成微液滴分离法。该方法的优点在于易于掌握和操作,分离的效果也较好。利用该法,本研究已成功地从不同地点的海水样品中分离出10种海洋异养鞭毛虫,其中包括一些接近3μm的种类,并对它们的形态特征和生活习性作出描述。但由于分类资料不全和分类经验不足,目前还没能对它们作出确切的种类鉴定。本研究用抗生素抑制法和荧光标记细菌(FLB)示踪法对一种异养鞭毛虫(XM-1)进行研究。前一方法中,青霉素能有效抑制实验所采用的细菌,在两种食物浓度下,XM-1的清滤率分别为4.56 nl/ind/h和2.83 nl/ind/h,摄食率为为6.40 bacteria/ind/h和8.70 bacteria/ind/h。荧光细菌示踪法的研究结果表明,XM-1对FLB的摄食率分别为0.28,0.43,0.49 FLB/ind/min,清滤率分别为0.23,0.23,0.14nl/ind/min。随着细菌初始浓度的提高(主要是FLB浓度的提高),在相同时间内,平均每个异养鞭毛虫体内的FLB数量增加,食物浓度在3.8×106cell/ml时,可能接近鞭毛虫XM-1的饱和摄食浓度。戊二醛对异养鞭毛虫体积和数量有较大影响。从体积上来看,在戊二醛的作更多还原

【Abstract】 Heterotrophic flagellates are of free-living protists moving and/or feeding by the use of flagella and feeding exclusively by heterotrophic means or, if with plastids, then also capable of ingesting particles. This group is characteristic by having small cell volume, high metabolic rate, and high diversity in terms of species. Heterophic flagelates are common and abundant in most natural habitats. They are consumers of pico-phytoplankton, hetero-bacteria and some organic detritus in marine environment, and thus play an important role in cycle of matter and energy flow. Morevoer, their ecological features are closely related to the eutrophication process in seawater. The biological and ecological importance of heterotrophic flagellates is one of highlight field in the study of microbial ecology.The culture, isolation and purificaiton of heterotrophic flagelltates are the basis of other in-depth study. Current methods for isolation of hetertrophic flagellalte in-clude serial diluition method, dipping-wire separation method, micromanipulatory separation method. A modified method on the basis of micromanipulatory separation method was adopted in our study, which had the advantate of being easy to master and handle. By using this modifided method, 10 species of heterotrophic flagellate, some of which has a proxiamte diameter of 3μm, were isolated from seawater sample col-lected from different sites. The morphological and life style of these flagelaltes are described here. However, identificaiton of these species has not been carried out be-cause of the shortage of relevant classificaiton information.The feeding of heterotrophic flagellates plays an important role in microbial process. Many approaches are employed in in situ and laborotory analysis of the grazig rate and each has its own advantages and disvantages. Metabolic inhibitor method and fluoresent labeled bacteria (FLB) method were used in our study. In the former study, penicillin was employed and strongly inhibited the growth of bacteria. The clearance rate of heterotrophic flagellates (XM-1) under two food concentration were 4.56 nl/ind/h and 2.83 nl/ind/h, the grazing rate were 6.40 bacteria/ind/h and更多还原